海南university药物合成缩合反应演示课件.pptVIP

Grignard’s academic experiences Victor Grignard had a strange start in academic life for a chemist - he took a maths degree. When he eventually switched to chemistry, it wasnt to the mathematical province of physical chemistry but to organic chemistry. Grignard’s academic experiences While attempting to find an efficient catalyst for the process of methylation (甲基化）, he noted that Zn in diethyl ether（乙醚）had been used for this purpose and wondered whether the Mg/ether combination might be successful. Grignard reagents were first reported in 1900 and Grignard used this work for his doctoral thesis in 1901. Grignard’s academic experiences In 1910, Grignard obtained a professorship at the University of Nancy and in 1912 was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry which he shared with Paul Sabatier who had made advances in Nickel catalysed hydrogenation. Grignard reagents An important class of extremely reactive chemical compounds used in the synthesis of hydrocarbons(烃), alcohols, carboxylic acids, and other compounds. The reaction of Grignard reagents with aldehydes（醛） to form alcohols is of particular importance in the laboratory. Grignard reagents Chemically, a Grignard reagent is an organic magnesium halide（卤化镁） dissolved in a nonreactive solvent（溶剂） (typically dry ethyl ether). Air is usually excluded from the reaction vessel, e.g., by flushing it with nitrogen. Reactions of Grignards 1）vigorously with compounds with active hydrogens- OH, NH and others Reactions of Grignards 2）enthusiastically with all kinds of C=O bonds Example 3) This is a fantastically good way of making carboxylic acids. After the reaction of the Grignard with carbon dioxide, addition of mineral acid liberates the carboxylic acid. So we can convert an alkyl bromide to an acid - our first C-C bond-forming reaction! History of organometallic compound with magnisium Meyer and his students (1888) P. L?hr —— the first paper H. Fleck —— special reaction P. A. Barbier —— apply it to synthesis V.Grigna