第2章质膜的结构与功能.pptVIP

第二讲质膜的结构与功能主讲 武梅;质膜（plasma membrane）包在细胞外面，所以 又称细胞膜（cell membrane），它不仅是区分 细胞内部与周围环境的动态屏障，更是细胞物质 交换和信息传递的通道。围绕各种细胞器的膜， 称为细胞内膜。 质膜和内膜在起源、结构和化学组成的等方面具 有相似性，故总称为生物膜（biomembrane）。 生物膜是细胞进行生命活动的重要物质基础，细 胞的能量转换、蛋白质合成、物质运输、信息传 递、细胞运动等活动都与膜的作用有密切的关系。 ; 图1 动物细胞的结构 ;图2 植物细胞的结构 ;一. Overview of membrane functions 1. Compartmentalization 2. Scaffold biochemical activities 3. Providing a selectively permeable barrier 4. Transporting solutes 5. Responding to external signal 6. Intercellular interaction 7. Energy transduction;A summary of membrane functions in a plant cell.;二. 膜的分子结构 膜的分子结构模型： E. Overton （1895） Gorter Gredel (1925) Danielli-Davson(1935) Roberson单位膜模型(1959) Singer Nicolson流动-镶嵌模型(1972) Darnell分子结构(1986) ;;;;;2、质膜的化学组成;;;;;糖脂的结构 1. 半乳糖脑苷脂，2. GM1神经节苷脂，3. 唾液酸 ;;; 蛋白质的结构之一 α 螺旋; β－ 折叠;;Three classes of membrane protein Integral proteins typically contain one or more transmembrane helices Peripheral proteins are noncovalently bonded to the polar head groups of the lipid bilayer and/or to an integral membrane protein Lipid-anchored proteins are covalently bonded either to a phospholipid or a fatty acid that is embedded in one of the leaflets of the lipid bilayer.;整合蛋白(integral protein) distribution : Freeze-fracture analysis the structure and properties a. determining membrane sidedness b. identifying transmembrane domains c. bacteriorhodopsin (细菌视紫红质) ;Freeze fracture: a technique for investigating cell membrane structure Illustration of freeze fracture Replica of a freeze-fractured human erythrocyte Surface of an erythrocyte;An integral protein as it resides within the plasma membrane. Tertiary structure of the photosynthesis reaction center of a bacterium as determined by X-ray crystallograph. The protein contains three different membrane-spanning polypepetides.; 嗜盐菌的紫膜斑及视紫红质分子;(3)膜蛋白与脂层双分子层的结合方式 a.许多膜蛋白伸入脂双层,在膜的两侧露出一部份 大部份膜蛋白以单一α螺旋构象横过脂双层.有些多 肽链是一次通过脂层 并联的几条α螺旋伸展越过脂层 b.一些多次跨膜的蛋