11.重要的离子.ppt

Important Ions;Discussion Approach: Ions of Major Interest in Soil Chemistry, Grouped According to Major Behavior Modes. Major Exchangeable Cations: Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH4+, Al3+( H+ ). Major Soluble Anions: NO3-,SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-. Weakly Soluble Anions: H2PO4-, HPO42-, H2AsO4-, H2BO3-, MoO42-. Transition Metals and Aluminum: Fe(OH)2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, AlOH2+. Toxic Ions: Cd2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Hg2+, AsO43-, CrO42-. Active in oxidation-Reduction Reactions:;;Major Exchangeable Cations;Major Exchangeable Cations (續);Major Soluble Anions;Weakly Soluble Anions (≦10-5 M in most soil solutions); Phosphate; Boron; Silicon; Molybdenum;Transition Metals and Aluminum(≦10-5M in the soil solutions);Active in Oxidation-Reduction Reactions;植物吸收;Chemical Speciation ;HPLC/ICP/MS Chromatogram of a mixture of As(III), DMA, MMA, and As(V) (50μg L-1);XANES spectra to differentiate Cr ( Cr(III) or Cr(VI)) species in soils;Sequential extraction (序列抽出法) for differentiate the forms of element present in soil solids ;3.鐵錳氧化物結合相 (Iron and manganese oxides bounded) 加 30 毫升含有 0.04 M 胺鹽酸鹽 (NH2OH?HCl)之 25 % (v/v) 醋酸溶液於含有上一步驟殘餘固相之離心管中，在 96±3 ℃下間歇振盪，萃取 5 小時。固液相的分離及其處理方式同前。;4.有機物結合相 (Organic matter bounded) 加 6 毫升 0.02 M 硝酸及 4 毫升 30% 雙氧水 (pH 2 with HNO3) 於含有上述步驟殘餘固相之離心管，將此混合物置於 85±2 ℃的水浴中 45 分鐘，再添加 4 毫升 30% 雙氧水 (pH 2 with HNO3) 後置於水浴中 45 分鐘，此步驟重覆三次，整個步驟歷時 5 小時。冷卻後，加入 8 毫升 3.2 M 醋酸銨的 20 % (v/v) 硝酸溶液，振盪 30 分鐘，固液相分離及其處理方式同前。 5.殘餘相 (Residual) 以微波消化法所得之土壤總量減去以上四步驟抽出的量即定義為殘餘量。