辅修《科技英语翻译》讲义[2014.9].docVIP

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辅修《科技英语翻译》讲义[2014.9]

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 22 英语辅修(双学位)《科技英语翻译》课程讲义 (徐安泉编写) 教学要点: 1. Stylistic Features of EST (科技英语文体特征) 1.1 Objectivity (客观性) 1.1.1 Plentiful Use of the Third-Person Point of View (非人称化、第三人称句it多:客观阐述科学事实、科学发现、实验结果等) 1.1.2 Extensive Use of Passive Voice (大量使用被动语态:客观陈述与说明) 1.2 Plenty of Terminology (专业术语多) 1.2.1 Tendency towards Nominalization in EST and Technical Terms (科技英语专业词汇中使用名词化词汇与技术词汇倾向突出) 1.2.2 Abundant Ways of Word-Formation in Technical Words (丰富的专业词汇构词法:合成词compounding 占新词汇总量的27%;词缀法affixation 占23%;派生词derivation占17.5%;缩写词shortening 占9%; 叠合词Blending 占6%;首字母缩略词acronym 占4%) 1.3 Logicality and Conciseness (逻辑性与简洁性) 1.3.1 Inclination to Long and Complicated Sentences (长句与结构复杂句子多) 1.3.2 Syntactic Frequency of Non-Finite Verbs (句法上非谓语动词用得多,即现在分词present participles、过去分词past participles、动名词gerunds与动词不定式infinitive phrases) 1.3.3 Post-Positioning of Attributives (后置性的修饰成分即定语多) 2. Diction: The choice of words and phrases (词义的选择) 正确理解和确切选择词义,是翻译成功的基础。一个词的全部意义,通常除词典解释的“指称或概念意义”外,还要由“语境意义”等决定: 2.1 Choice of word meaning according to the word classes / Grammatical meaning (根据词类选择词义/ 词的语法意义) 英汉两种语言都有一词多类现象,又称兼类词,即一个词往往属于几个不同的词类,,具有几个不同的意义。翻译中必须先确定词类,再确定词义。 Compare the meanings of “ round” in the following: In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。(名词,意为“一周”) An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。( 动词,意为“绕……旋转”) The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles. 地???并非完全是圆的,它的两极略扁平。( 形容词,意为“圆的”) The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。(介词,意为“围绕……”) Her waist measures forty inches round. 她腰围40英寸。(副词,意为“一周”、“绕圈”) 2.2 Choice of contextual meanings (根据上下文选择词义 / 词的语境意义) 英汉两种语言除了有一词多类、还有一词多义现象(polysemy)。一词多类指同一个词在不同场合有不同含义。译者常常需要根据上下文的联系,以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词义。 Examples: Find Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the

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