语法讲座-----词性从句ppt.doc

语法讲座系列之―― 名词性从句 名词性从句的界定与分类： 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分 连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分 名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。 一、主语从句 定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的主语，这个从句就叫主语从句。 （一）主语从句的表现形式： １。由从属连词引导的主语从句： a. Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss. b. That light travels in straight line is known to all . ２。由连接代词引导的主语从句： a. What we need is more time. b. Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me. c. Whoever comes will be welcome. ３。由连接副词引导的主语从句： a. When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced ． b. Where he has been is still a puzzle. c. How much water is flowing can be measured easily. （二）、关于形式主语 it 主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语 it，而把主语从句移到句未去。 关于形式主语 it: 以 it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有： （1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 It is quite clear that Tom was fond of music. （2）It + be + 名词 + that从句 It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake. （3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 It’s not yet decided that when the test will be given. （4）It seems, happens 等不及物动词 + that从句 It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语， 主语从句一般不能放在句首。 a. It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not. b. It’s said that the highway will be open to traffic next year. c. Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon? 二、表语从句 定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。 1.The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking. 2.The question remains whether we can win the people. 3.That’s just what I want. 4.This is where our problem lies. 5.The difficulty is how I can help smokers kick their habit. 注意： 1、表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if as though引导. Things were not as they seemed. It looks as if it is going to rain. 2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构： The reason why…is that … (不用 because。) It ( this, th