Nitric Oxide and diabetic vascular disease.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 12 Nitric Oxide and diabetic vascular disease Keywords:: Nitric oxide (NO) diabetic vascular disease Diabetes-induced vascular disease, mainly related to glucose metabolism disorder and the general glycosylation, lipid metabolism disorders are closely linked. Most scholars believe that diabetic vascular disease and endothelial dysfunction is closely related to nitric oxide, in which play a very important role in this paper that in recent years relating to NO and diabetic vascular disease the literature are reviewed. 1, NO generation and the role of the mechanism NO is a water-soluble small molecule active gas with a lipophilic, can cross the membrane barrier, a very short half-life, which consists of NO synthase (NO Synthase, NOS) catalyzed L-arginine (L-Arginine , L-Arg) synthesis. NOS sub-structured (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS) are two, cNOS activity depends on Ca  and calmodulin (CaM)-mediated, mainly found in endothelial cells and neurons, its synthesis of NO as a messenger molecule from physiological role, while not dependent on the activity of iNOS, and CaM-mediated Ca  , it mainly exists in macrophages, neutrophils and liver cells, synthesis of NO from excessive cell inhibition and cytotoxicity 〔 1〕 . Diastolic blood vessels of many substances depends on the integrity of the role of vascular endothelial cells to release NO, such as acetylcholine (Acetylcholine, Ach) and so on. Ach caused by NO-dependent vasodilatation by activating soluble guanylate need cyclase (sGC), so that guanosine cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) generation increased. The cGMP is the main effect of vascular smooth muscle cells, agents, inhibit smooth muscle contraction, which causes the arteries relaxation 〔 2〕 . In addition, cGMP is the main effect of platelet agent, cGMP inhibit platelet activity. Pairs of non-sGC cells, NO may be limited by non-cGMP-dependent pathway cell mitosis, inhibit cell proliferation, thereby preventing blood vessels from atheroscle