Asurveyonmodelingofmicrogrids—.PDFVIP

A survey on modeling of microgrids—from fundamental physics to phasors and voltage sources Johannes Schi?era,?, Daniele Zonettib, Romeo Ortegab, Aleksandar Stankovi′cc, Tev?k Sezid, J¨orgRaische aSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK bLaboratoire des Signaux et Syst′emes, Ecole′ Sup′erieure d0Electricit′e(SUPELEC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France cTufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA dSiemens AG, Smart Grid Division, Energy Automation, Humboldtstr. 59, 90459 Nuremberg, Germany eTechnische Universit¨atBerlin, Einsteinufer 11, 10587 Berlin, Germany and Max-Planck-Institut f¨urDynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany Abstract Microgrids have been identi?ed as key components of modern electrical systems to facilitate the integration of renewable distributed generation units. Their analysis and controller design requires the development of advanced (typically model-based) techniques naturally posing an interesting challenge to the control community. Although there are widely accepted reduced order models to describe the dynamic behavior of microgrids, they are typically presented without details about the reduction procedure—hampering the understanding of the physical phenomena behind them. Preceded by an introduction to basic notions and de?nitions in power systems, the present survey reviews key characteristics and main components of a microgrid. We introduce the reader to the basic functionality of DC/AC inverters, as well as to standard operating modes and control schemes of inverter-interfaced power sources in microgrid applications. Based on this exposition and starting from fundamental physics, we present detailed dynamical models of the main microgrid components. Fur