选修9语法复习句子结构.ppt

一、句子结构 ;一、句子成分 句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分，句子成分供有六种： 1、主语(subject)是一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般置于句首。例如： The sun is shining in our face. I respect him. 2、谓语或谓语动词(predicate / predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的，常用动词担任，置于主语之后。例如： The play began at eight, so they must have dinner at seven. They are sitting there, listening to the teacher carefully. 3、宾语(object)是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象，常由 名词、代词或相当于名词的词担任，置于及物动词或介词之后。如， I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t want to accept it. Instead of going to Beijing for her holiday, she went to Haina. ;4、定语(attributive)是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词的，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。根据与所修饰的词之间的位置关系可分为前置定语和后置定语。例如： John had a great desire to travel. Children living by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age. The golden watch which had been passed down from his grandfather’s grandfather was lost yesterday. 5、状语(adverbial)是修饰动词，副词，形容词或整个句子的，常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任，修饰动词时，可置于动词之前，亦可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常置于它们之前。例如： Tom did badly on exam. He gets up at five every morning. The book is well worth reading. Generally speaking, it is not easy to learn English. He ran up to her breathing heavily.;二、句子基本结构 I. 句子是具有主语部分和谓语部分并有完整意义的可以独立的一组词。在英语里，句子的基本结构有以下 五种： 1、主语＋谓语(S. + vi.) The bell rang. 2、主语＋谓语＋宾语(S. + Vt. + O.) He made a study plan. 3、主语＋连系动词＋表语(S. +link V. +P.) She is lovely. 4、主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S. + Vt. + O2+O1) He told us the whole story. 5、主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S.+Vt.+O+O.C) I found him doing his homework. II. 根据句子的基本结构，可把句子分为_____________, ______