Comprehensive search for intra- and inter-specific sequence polymorphisms among coding envelope genes of retroviral origin found in the human genome genes and pseudogenes.docVIP

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Comprehensive search for intra- and inter-specific sequence polymorphisms among coding envelope genes of retroviral origin found in the human genome genes and pseudogenes.doc

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Comprehensive search for intra- and inter-specific sequence polymorphisms among coding envelope genes of retroviral origin found in the human genome genes and pseudogenes

BMC Genomics BioMedCentral Research article Open Access Comprehensive search for intra- and inter-specific sequence polymorphisms among coding envelope genes of retroviral origin found in the human genome: genes and pseudogenes Nathalie de Parseval?1, Gora Diop?2, Sandra Blaise1, Fran?ois Helle1, Alexandre Vasilescu2, Fumihiko Matsuda2 and Thierry Heidmann*1 Address: 1UMR 8122 CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France and 2Centre National de Génotypage, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, évry, France Email: Nathalie de Parseval - parseval@igr.fr; Gora Diop - diop@cng.fr; Sandra Blaise - sblaise@pasteur.fr; Fran?ois Helle - francois.helle@ibl.fr; Alexandre Vasilescu - vasilesc@cng.fr; Fumihiko Matsuda - fumi@cng.fr; Thierry Heidmann* - heidmann@igr.fr * Corresponding author ?Equal contributors Published: 09 September 2005 Received: 16 March 2005 Accepted: 09 September 2005 BMC Genomics 2005, 6:117 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-6-117 This article is available from: /1471-2164/6/117 ? 2005 de Parseval et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The human genome carries a high load of proviral-like sequences, called Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), which are the genomic traces of ancient infections by active retroviruses. These elements are in most cases defective, but open reading frames can still be found for the retroviral envelope gene, with sixteen such genes identified so far. Several of them are conserved during primate evolution, having possibly been co-opted by their host for a physiological role. Results: To characterize further their status, we presently sequenced 12 of these genes from a panel of 91 Caucasian individuals. Genomic