Core structure of aligned chitin fibers within the interlamellar framework extracted from Haliotis rufescens nacre. Part I Implications for growth and mechanical response.docVIP

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Core structure of aligned chitin fibers within the interlamellar framework extracted from Haliotis rufescens nacre. Part I Implications for growth and mechanical response.doc

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Core structure of aligned chitin fibers within the interlamellar framework extracted from Haliotis rufescens nacre. Part I Implications for growth and mechanical response

Theoret. Appl. Mech.,Vol.39,No.4,pp. 343–363,Belgrade2012 Core structure of aligned chitin ?bers within the interlamellar framework extracted from Haliotis rufescens nacre. Part I: implications for growth and mechanical response Jiddu Bezares? Robert J. Asaro? Vlado A. Lubarda ? Abstract Bymeansofconsecutivealkalineandproteolytictreatmentsofthe organicframework’sinterlamellarlayersextractedfromthenacreofH. rufescens,wehaveexposedacoreofalignedparallelchitin?bers. Our ?ndingsbothverifybasicelementsoftheinterlamellarlayerstructural model of Levi-Kalisman et al. (2001) and extend the more detailed model ofBezareset al. (2008,2010). Weobservevia SEMimagingof squaremillimetersizedsamples, whichincludenumerousinterlamellar layersandmicronsized,yetnanocrystalline,CaCO tileswhosenative 3 orientationwithintheshellwas?rstdocumented,thatthechitin?bers in all layers are aligned normal to the growth direction of the shell. Similar alignment has been suggested in the literature for two other classes of mollusks, viz. N. rupertus and P. martensii (Weiner and Traub,1983;Wada,1958),suggestingthatthismaybeamoregeneral motif. We ?nd that in order to expose the chitin core it is necessary to?rstremoveproteinbyanalkalinetreatmentfollowedbyenzymatic digestion with proteinase-K. We also observe what appear to be the ?Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093,e-mail: jiddu.bezares@ ?Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093,e-mail: rasaro@ ?MechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,LaJolla, CA92093,e-mail: vlubarda@ 343 344 JidduBezares,RobertJ.Asaro,VladoA.Lubarda points of traversal of the exposed chitin core by mineral bridges. The implicationsofthese?ndingstouchdirectlyandmostspeci?callyupon the expected mechanical properties of organic framework layers such as sti?ness and relaxation time constants, viz. they should be plane- orthotropic