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Anthropogenic Halo Disturbances Alter Landscape and Plant Richness A Ripple Effect.doc

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Anthropogenic Halo Disturbances Alter Landscape and Plant Richness A Ripple Effect

AnthropogenicHaloDisturbancesAlterLandscapeand PlantRichness:ARippleEffect BingliangLiu1,JinbaoSu2*¤,JianweiChen3,GuofaCui1,JianzhangMa4 1CollegeofNatureReserve,BeijingForestryUniversity,Beijing,China,2CollegeofEconomicsandManagement,NortheastForestryUniversity,Harbin,China,3Wildlife andNatureReserveManagementDivisionofStateForestryAdministration,Beijing,China,4CollegeofWildlifeResource,NortheastForestryUniversity,Harbin,China Abstract Althoughanthropogeniclandscapefragmentationisoftenconsideredastheprimarythreattobiodiversity,otherfactors suchasimmediatehumandisturbancesmayalsosimultaneouslythreatenspeciespersistenceinvariousways.Inthispaper, we introduce a conceptual framework applied to recreation landscapes (RLs), with an aim to provide insight into the compositeinfluences oflandscapealterationaccompanyingimmediatehumandisturbancesonplantrichnessdynamics. These impacts largely occur at patch-edges. They can not only alter patch-edge structure and environment, but also permeateintosurroundingnaturalmatrices/patchesaffectingspeciespersistence–herewetermthese‘‘Halodisturbance effects’’(HDEs).Wecategorizedspeciesintogroupsbasedonseedorpollendispersalmode(animal-vs.wind-dispersed)as theycanbeassociatedwithspeciesrichnessdynamics.Weevaluatedtherichnessofthetwogroupsandtotalspeciesinour experimentallandscapesbyconsideringthedistancefrompatch-edge,thesizeofRLsandtheintensityofhumanuseover asix-yearperiod.Ourresultsshowthatanimal-dispersedspeciesdecreasedconsiderably,whereaswind-dispersedspecies increased while their richness presented diverse dynamics at different distances from patch-edges. Our findings clearly demonstrate that anthropogenic HDEs produce ripple effects on plant, providing an experimental interpretation for the diverseresponsesofspeciestoanthropogenicdisturbances.Thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofincorporatingthese compositethreatsintoconservationandmanagementstrategies. Citation:LiuB,SuJ,ChenJ,CuiG,MaJ(2013)AnthropogenicHaloDisturbancesAlterLandscape