句型号和句子结构基础知识.doc

04级《英语》讲义 ????第一章 句型与句子结构句型层次表第一层 第二层 例句简单句 主 谓 I am coming.主 谓 宾 I like cats.主 谓 宾 宾 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you.主 谓 宾 补 I seldom see him do morning exercises.主 谓 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall.并列句 主谓 + 主谓 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer.复合句 主语从句 名词性从句 What he told me yesterday is true.宾语从句 I know that he is an American.表语从句 This is how he broke the door.同位语从句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted.定语从句 This is the room where he was born.状语从句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years.下面的章节以及它们的顺序是：名词——动词——虚拟语气——非谓语动词——名词性从句——定语从句——状语从句——比较级。掌握复合结构（复合宾语）1） 跟形容词可带形容词作补足语的谓语动词有keep, dye, find, make, declare, leave, like, consider, hold, get, paint, cut, drive等。例如：Please cut your article short.请把你的文章简短一些。Never leave a baby alone at home when you are out.当你出去的时候，千万不要把婴儿一个人放在家里。The judge declared him innocent.法官宣布他无罪。He proved himself worthy of confidence. 他用实际行动证明他值得信赖。2） 跟名词可带名词作补足语的谓语动词有call, name, make, appoint, nominate, think, find, conside等。例如：We elected her our monitor. 我们选她当我们的班长。The boss appointed him director of the Sales Department.老板任命他为销售部的主任。3） 部分可带形容词的作补足语的词可以带副词或介词短语Don’t leave your umbrella behind. （副词）别把伞落下。Please make yourself at home. （介词短语）别客气，想在自己家里一样随便一点。4） 跟非谓语动词（祥见第四章“非谓语动词”）The teacher asked us to hand in the exercises before Friday. （不定式）老师叫我们在星期五前把练习交上来。I will have a picture taken this afternoon. （过去分词）今天下午我要去照相。I saw him reading English when I entered the classroom this morning. （现在分词）今天早上，当我走进教室里的时候，我看到他在读英语。【注】在英语当中只有find这个词最随意，几乎什么词性都可以做它的补足语：He found himself in the hospital when he came to. （介词短语）We found her dead. （形容词）He found her (to be) good. （不定式）He found her out when he came home. （副词）He found the glass broken. （过去分词）He found her lying on the ground. （现在分词）词性与成分功能对应表一主语 名 代 数 参考：动名词，不定式谓语 动 宾语 名 代 数 参考：动名词，不定式宾补 名 形容 副 介词短语 参考：动名词，不定式，分词表语 名 代 形容 副 介词短语 数 参考：动名词，不定式，分词定语 名 代 形容 介词短语（后置） 数 参考：动名词，不定