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Behavioral Responses to Epidemics in an Online Experiment Using Virtual Diseases to Study Human Behavior.doc

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Behavioral Responses to Epidemics in an Online Experiment Using Virtual Diseases to Study Human Behavior

BehavioralResponsestoEpidemicsinanOnline Experiment:UsingVirtualDiseasestoStudyHuman Behavior FrederickChen1*,AmandaGriffith1,AllinCottrell1,Yue-LingWong2 1DepartmentofEconomics,WakeForestUniversity,Winston-Salem,NorthCarolina,UnitedStateofAmerica,2DepartmentofComputerScience,WakeForestUniversity, Winston-Salem,NorthCarolina,UnitedStateofAmerica Abstract We report the results of a study we conducted using a simple multiplayer online game that simulates the spread of an infectious disease through a population composed of the players. We use our virtual epidemics game to examine how peoplerespond toepidemics.Theanalysisshowsthatpeople’sbehavioris responsivetothecostofself-protection,the reported prevalence of disease, and their experiences earlier in the epidemic. Specifically, decreasing the cost of self- protectionincreasestherateofsafebehavior.Higherreportedprevalencealsoraisesthelikelihoodthatindividualswould engageinself-protection, wherethemagnitudeofthis effect dependsonhowmuchtime haselapsedin theepidemic. Individuals’experiencesintermsofhowoftenaninfectionwasacquiredwhentheydidnotengageinself-protectionare anotherfactorthatdetermineswhethertheywillinvestinpreventivemeasureslateron.Allelsebeingequal,individuals whowereinfectedatahigherratearemorelikelytoengageinself-protectivebehaviorcomparedtothosewithalowerrate of infection. Lastly, fixing everything else, people’s willingness to engage in safe behavior waxes or wanes over time, depending on the severity of an epidemic: when prevalence is high, people are more likely to adopt self-protective measures as time goes by; when prevalence is low, a ‘self-protection fatigue’ effect sets in whereby individuals are less willingtoengageinsafebehaviorovertime. Citation: ChenF,GriffithA,CottrellA,WongY-L(2013)BehavioralResponsestoEpidemicsinanOnlineExperiment:UsingVirtualDiseasestoStudyHuman Behavior.PLoSONE8(1):e52814.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052814 Editor:MichelleLouiseGatton,TheQueenslandInstituteofMedica