生物专业名词解释.docxVIP

1. cell senescence：细胞衰老是正常环境条件下发生的功能减退，逐渐趋向死亡的现象。 2.A?Southern blot?is a method used in? HYPERLINK /wiki/Molecular_biology \o Molecular biology molecular biology?for detection of a specific? HYPERLINK /wiki/DNA_sequence \o DNA sequence DNA sequence?in DNA samples. Southern blotting combines transfer of? HYPERLINK /wiki/Agarose_gel_electrophoresis \o Agarose gel electrophoresis electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a filter membrane and subsequent fragment detection by? HYPERLINK /wiki/Probe_hybridization \o Probe hybridization probe hybridization. 3.The?northern blot?is a technique used in? HYPERLINK /wiki/Molecular_biology \o Molecular biology molecular biology?research to study? HYPERLINK /wiki/Gene_expression \o Gene expression gene expression?by detection of? HYPERLINK /wiki/RNA \o RNA RNA?(or isolated? HYPERLINK /wiki/MRNA \o MRNA mRNA) in a sample. HYPERLINK /wiki/Northern_blot \l cite_note-Alberts2008-1 [ 4.The?western blot?(sometimes called the?protein immunoblot) is a widely used? HYPERLINK /wiki/Analytical_technique \o Analytical technique analytical technique?used to detect specific? HYPERLINK /wiki/Proteins \o Proteins proteins?in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses? HYPERLINK /wiki/Gel_electrophoresis \o Gel electrophoresis gel electrophoresis?to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically? HYPERLINK /wiki/Nitrocellulose \o Nitrocellulose nitrocellulose?or? HYPERLINK /wiki/PVDF \o PVDF PVDF), where they are stained with? HYPERLINK /wiki/Antibody \o Antibody antibodiesspecific to the target protein. 5. 生物膜所含的蛋白叫膜蛋白，是生物膜功能的主要承担者。外在膜蛋白、内在膜蛋白或称整合膜蛋白和 HYPERLINK /view/293975.htm \t _blank 脂锚定蛋白。 6.端粒酶（Telomerase），在细胞中负责端粒的延长的一种酶，是基本的核蛋白 HYPERLINK /view/207475.htm \t _blank 逆转录酶，可将端粒DNA加至真核 HYPERLINK /view/3687.htm \t _blank 细胞染色体末端。端粒在不同物种细胞中对于保持染色体稳定性和细胞活性有重要作用，端粒酶能延长缩短的端粒（缩短