英语语法系统化总结.docVIP

英语语法系统化总结 1. 英语句子结构总结： 1）简单句： 主+谓+宾（主干） 辅助成分—— 状语（副词，或词组），定语（形容词，或词组） 补语：（主补、宾补） I’m a teacher (主补). The sun rises red. (主补) We call her Mary. (宾补) I saw him in the classroom just now.(宾补) He made me happy. (宾补) I see her walking in the street. (宾补) I saw him beaten by his father. (宾补) I hope you to be a doctor. (宾补) 2）复杂句： ⑴ 并列句：（由连词连接的两个或两个以上的句子） 连词: and, but, or, both…and…, either…or…, neither… nor…, not only… but also…, no sooner… than, not… until…, as… as…, more… than, no more… than…, etc. ⑵ 主从句：（主句 + 从句） 从句： 名词性从句—（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，）that 形容词性从句—（定语从句, 引导词: that, which, who, whom, when, where 副词性从句—（状语从句） 引导词: when, as, while, before, after, because, so, since, if, even if, although, though, as soon as, as long as, now that, in case that, lest that, for fear than, no matter + wh- , etc. doing or being 作为现在分词引导伴随状语从句 独立主格结构 例句： 1) Usually (being) very agreeable, he now quit speaking altogether and on amount of words could penetrate the vacant expression he wore on his face. 2) Caring for someone who loves as deeply and appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy does has enriched my life more than anything else ever could have. 3) When someone does sth for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he is superior or inferior, it is proper to say “Thank you”. 4) The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times. 5) Athletes in high-impact sports (such as running) may also lose iron through a phenomenon where(=in which可看成为引导定语从句) small blood vessels in the feet leak blood. 2. 非谓语动词： 1）动名词 (动词当名词用)：（doing or being） 可作主语、宾语（动词+ doing） 2）分词： 现在分词（动词的ing形式: doing or being） 过去分词（动词的ed形式: done or been） 可作定语、宾补、表语和引导状语从句 例句： Learning English on line is quite difficult to me. (主语) I want going shopping now. （宾语） Do you mind my smoking? （宾语） I hear you cursing at your brother just now. （宾补） The little girl playing there is my sister.（定语） I visited t