Analysis of Distributed Generation Systems, Smart Grid Technologies and Future Motivators Influencing Change in the Electricity Sector英文文献资料.docVIP

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2011, 2, 216-229 doi:10.4236/sgre.2011.23025 Published Online August 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/sgre) Analysis of Distributed Generation Systems, Smart Grid Technologies and Future Motivators Influencing Change in the Electricity Sector Nur Asyik Hidayatullah, Blagojce Stojcevski, Akhtar Kalam School of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. Email: nurasyik.hidayatullah@.au; blagojce.stojcevski@.au; akhtar.kalam@.au Received March 9, 2011; revised June 30, 2011; accepted July 6, 2011. ABSTRACT The global Electricity Sector and its customers are faced with a number of challenges that are unparalleled since the advent of widespread electrification. Challenges including climate change, escalating energy prices, energy security and energy efficiency are converging to drive fundamental change in the way energy is produced, delivered and utilized. The electricity system of the future must produce and distribute electricity that is reliable, affordable and clean. To ac- complish these goals, both the electricity grid and the existing regulatory system must be smarter. This paper explores smart grid technologies, distributed generation systems, RD efforts across Europe and the United States, and techni- cal, economical and regulatory barriers facing modern utilities. Keywords: Climate Change, Distributed Generation, Electricity Sector, Smart Grid 1. Introduction vide a state-of-the-art analysis of the principal issues that influence future change in the Electricity Sector; engi- neering challenges associated with the coordination and integration of smart grid technologies; and an illustrative view of distributed generation. The Electricity Sector for the greater part of the 20 cen- th st tury, and yet into the beginning of the 21 century, has relied upon the mainstream of its electricity being pro- duced by strongly built centralized power stations th