Assessment of debris flow magnitude in small catchments of the lombardy alps the val gola case study英文文献资料.docVIP

Vol.2, No.1, 9-15 (2011) Agricultural Sciences doi:10.4236/as.2011.21002 Assessment of debris flow magnitude in small catchments of the lombardy alps: the val gola case study Daniele de Wrachien , Stefano Mambretti 1 2* 1 2 Department of Agricultural Hydraulics, State University of Milan, Milano, Italy; DIIAR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy; *Corresponding Author: stefano.mambretti@polimi.it Received 12 December 2010; revised 30 December 2010; accepted 6 January 2011 ABSTRACT making experimental measuring stations highly valu- able for the scientific community as well as for the lo- cal agencies dealing with structural protection meas- ures and land use planning. In Italy, like the other European countries, there is a lack of such experimental data, with a few exceptions [1-3]. Debris flows are among the most destructive of all water-related disasters. They mainly affect mountain areas in a wide range of morpho- climatic environments. Therefore, accurate pre- diction of their run out distances, magnitudes and velocities plays a role of paramount impor- tance, in order to plan and design appropriate structural and non-structural defence measures. In this context, a number of Authors have de- veloped methods feasible to evaluate the ten- dency of a catchment to generate debris flow, without giving an estimation of the magnitude. Other empirical procedures are based on the analysis of historical series of debris flow, oc- curred in similar environments, to assess the relationship between the catchment character- istics and the maximum movable debris vol- umes. In this paper, and with reference to Val Gola—a small catchment in the North-East Lom- bardy where debris flows frequently occur—a number of methods, belonging to each of the above mentioned categories, have been brief