Biharmonic submanifolds in -dimensional -manifolds英文文献资料.docVIP

BIHARMONICSUBMANIFOLDSIN3-DIMENSIONAL (κ,μ)-MANIFOLDS K.ARSLAN,R.EZENTAS,C.MURATHAN,ANDT.SASAHARA Received19April2005andinrevisedform11October2005 Biharmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds are de?ned as critical points of thebienergy andgeneralized harmonic maps.Inthispaper,wegivenecessary andsuf- ?cient conditions for nonharmonic Legendre curves and anti-invariant surfaces of 3- dimensional(κ,μ)-manifoldstobebiharmonic. 1.Introduction Let f :(M,g)→(N,h)beasmooth map between twoRiemannian manifolds. The bi- energyE (f)of f overcompactdomain??Misde?nedby 2
  E2(f)= h τ(f),τ(f) dvg, (1.1) ? whereτ(f)isthetension?eldof f anddvgisthevolumeformofM. Itisclear that E2(f |?)=0onanycompact domain ifand only if f isaharmonic map.ThusE providesameasurefortheextenttowhich f failstobeharmonic.If f isa 2 criticalpointof(1.1)overeverycompactdomain,then f iscalledabiharmonic mapor 2-harmonicmaps.Jiang[10]provedthat f isbiharmonicifandonlyif   ?f τ(f) =0, (1.2) here?f istheJacobioperatorof f. Clearly,anyharmonicmapisbiharmonic.Buttheconverseisnottrue.Nonharmonic biharmonic mapsaresaidtobeproper.Itiswellknown thatproperbiharmonic maps intoR,thatis,biharmonic functions, playanimportant roleinelasticity andhydrody- namics. Properbiharmonic submanifolds inrealspaceformshavebeenstudiedbymanyge- ometersduringthelasttwodecades.However,intheEuclideanspaceandthehyperbolic space,suchsubmanifolds havenotbeenfoundyet.Ontheotherhand,manyproperbi- harmonicsubmanifoldsexistintheunitsphere. The unit sphere of odd dimension is the typical example of Sasakian space forms. Lately,J.InoguchiandT.Sasaharainitiatedthestudyofproperbiharmonicsubmanifolds Copyright?2005HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofMathematicsandMathematicalSciences2005:22(2005)3575–3586 DOI:10.1155/IJMMS.2005.3575  3576 Biharmonicsubmanifolds inSasakianspaceforms.Inoguchi[9]classi?edproperbiharmonicLegendrecurvesand Hopfcylinders (automatically anti-invariant surf