Biological Control of Solenopsis Fire Ants by Pseudacteon Parasitoids Theory and Practice英文文献资料.docVIP

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Biological Control of Solenopsis Fire Ants by Pseudacteon Parasitoids Theory and Practice英文文献资料.doc

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Biological Control of Solenopsis Fire Ants by Pseudacteon Parasitoids Theory and Practice英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation Psyche Volume2012,ArticleID424817,11pages doi:10.1155/2012/424817 ReviewArticle BiologicalControlofSolenopsisFireAntsbyPseudacteon Parasitoids:TheoryandPractice LloydW.Morrison DepartmentofBiology,MissouriStateUniversity,901S.NationalAvenue,Spring?eld,MO65897,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoLloydW.Morrison,lloydmorrison@ Received25August2011;Accepted20October2011 AcademicEditor:JeanPaulLachaud Copyright?2012LloydW.Morrison.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Pseudacteon parasitoids are potential biocontrol agents of invasive Solenopsis ?re ants. Pseudacteon species that parasitize the invasiveS.invictaBurenandS.richteri Forelhavebeenintroducedto,andnaturallydispersedacross,thesoutheasternUSA, althoughthereisnoevidenceyetthatSolenopsishostantpopulationshavedecreased.TheabilityofintroducedPseudacteonspecies toregulateSolenopsispopulationswilldependupontherelativeimportanceoftop-downe?ectsintherecipientcommunities. In this paper, I examine the characteristics of the Pseudacteon/Solenopsis parasitoid/host system and evaluate the extent to whichresearch?ndingsareconsistentwithtop-downcontrol.Laboratoryand?eldexperimentsevaluatingSolenopsispopulation regulationhavebeenequivocal,andoveralltheavailableevidenceprovideslittlesupportforstrongtop-downe?ectsinthissystem. CompetitiveexclusionmayoccuramongintroducedPseudacteonspecies,andfuturee?ortsatbiologicalcontrolarelikelytobe moree?caciousiftheyfocusonothertypesofnaturalenemies. 1.Introduction behaviorandpotentiallyputtingthehostspeciesatarelative disadvantagewithcompetingants[5]. ManyspeciesofPseudacteon(Diptera:Phoridae)arepara- sitoids of Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ?re ants. SeveralspeciesofSolenopsis?reantsareinvasivepestsand othershavethepotentialtobe[1].Highdensitiesoftheinva- siveS.invictaBureninNorthAmericaareusuallyattri