Breast Cancer Modelling and Detection英文文献资料.docVIP

JournalofTheoreticalMedicine,2002Vol.4(1),pp.3–20 BreastCancer:ModellingandDetection D.J.GAVAGHANa,J.M.BRADYb,C.P.BEHRENBRUCHb,R.P.HIGHNAMcandP.K.MAINId,* aComputingLaboratory,WolfsonBuilding,ParksRoad,OxfordOX13QD,UK;bDepartmentofEngineeringScience,ParksRoad,OxfordOX13PJ,UK; cOXIVA,OxfordCentreForInnovation,MillStreet,OxfordOX2OJX,UK; dCentreforMathematicalBiology,MathematicalInstitute,Universityof Oxford,24-29StGiles’,OxfordOX13LB,UK (Received7October2000;In?nalform23April2001) Thispaperreviewsanumberofthemathematicalmodelsusedincancermodellingandthenchoosesa speci?ccancer,breastcarcinoma,toillustratehowthemodellingcanbeusedinaidingdetection.We thendiscussmathematicalmodelsthatunderpinmammographicimageanalysis,whichcomplements modelsoftumourgrowthandfacilitatesdiagnosisandtreatmentofcancer.Mammographicimagesare notoriously dif?cult to interpret, and we give an overview of the primary image enhancement technologiesthathavebeenintroduced,beforefocusingonamoredetaileddescriptionofsomeofour ownrecentworkontheuseofphysics-basedmodellinginmammography.Thistheoreticalapproachto imageanalysisyieldsawealthofinformationthatcouldbeincorporatedintothemathematicalmodels, andweconcludebydescribinghowcurrentmathematicalmodelsmightbeenhancedbyuseofthis information,andhowthesemodelsinturnwillhelptomeetsomeofthemajorchallengesincancer detection. Keywords: Breastcancer;Tumour;Imageprocessing;Mathematicalmodels INTRODUCTION newerimagingmodalitiessuchascontrast-enhancedMRI andultrasound. Cancer is the second biggest killer in thewestern world and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Despite the huge proliferation of experimental data and clinical treatments, there has been no decrease in the death rates caused by the most common cancers. This is despite the immense progress that has been made in understanding the causes and progression of cancer, particularly from the perspective of biology. There have been concomitant developments in drugs, chemo- therapies and radiothera