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Breast Milk Hormones and Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis英文文献资料.doc

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Breast Milk Hormones and Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofPediatrics Volume2011,ArticleID803985,11pages doi:10.1155/2011/803985 ReviewArticle BreastMilkHormonesandRegulationofGlucoseHomeostasis FrancescoSavino,StefaniaAlfonsinaLiguori,MiriamSorrenti, MariaFrancescaFissore,andRobertoOggero DepartmentofPediatrics,ReginaMargheritaChildren’sHospital,UniversityofTurin,10126Turin,Italy CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoFrancescoSavino,francesco.savino@unito.it Received16December2010;Accepted28February2011 AcademicEditor:CatherineBollard Copyright?2011FrancescoSavinoetal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Growingevidencesuggeststhatacomplexrelationshipexistsbetweenthecentralnervoussystemandperipheralorgansinvolvedin energyhomeostasis.Itconsistsinthebalancebetweenfoodintakeandenergyexpenditureandincludestheregulationofnutrient levelsinstorageorgans,aswellasinblood,inparticularbloodglucose.Therefore,foodintake,energyexpenditure,andglucose homeostasisarestrictlyconnectedtoeachother.Severalhormones,suchasleptin,adiponectin,resistin,andghrelin,areinvolvedin thiscomplexregulation.Thesehormonesplayaroleintheregulationofglucosemetabolismandareinvolvedinthedevelopment ofobesity,diabetes,andmetabolicsyndrome.Recently,theirpresenceinbreastmilkhasbeendetected,suggestingthattheymay beinvolvedintheregulationofgrowthinearlyinfancyandcouldin?uencetheprogrammingofenergybalancelaterinlife.This paperfocusesonhormonespresentinbreastmilkandtheirroleinglucosehomeostasis. 1.Introduction asalinkbetweenaccumulatedfatmassandalteredinsulin sensitivityeventhoughthecontributiontothedevelopment of insulin resistance is complex and not fully understood. Particularly,ithasbeenobservedthatadiponectinincreases fattyacid(FA)oxidationanddecreasestriglyceridestorage inskeletalmuscle,whichmayexplain,inpart,theinsulin- sensitizinge?ectofthiscytokine[6].