Alternative Mechanisms for Tn5 Transposition 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Alternative Mechanisms for Tn5 Transposition 英文参考文献.doc

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Alternative Mechanisms for Tn5 Transposition 英文参考文献

Review AlternativeMechanismsforTn5Transposition AsadAhmed* DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada elementsarepresentasinvertedrepeats.)Therepliconthatharbors Abstract: Bacterial transposons are known to move to new genomic sites using either a replicative or a conservative mechanism. The behavior of transposon Tn5 is anomalous. In vitro studies indicate that it uses a conservative mechanism while in vivo results point to a replicativemechanism.Toexplainthisanomaly,amodel is presented in which the two mechanisms are not independent—as widely believed—but could represent alternate outcomes of a common transpositional path- way. thetransposonisreferredtoasthe‘‘donor’’replicon,andtheone thatreceivesitisreferredtoasthe‘‘recipient’’replicon.Atransposon inserted in the ‘‘target’’ DNA site of the recipient without any associatedrearrangementisreferredtoasa‘‘simpleinsert.’’Still,a simple insert carries a short (usually five or nine base pairs) duplicationofthetargetsequenceatbothends.Thisisduetothe formationofstaggerednicksatthetargetsiteduringtheinsertion process.Simpleinsertscanarisethrougha‘‘cut-and-paste’’process (whichdoesnotinvolvereplication),resolutionofcointegrates(which involves replication), or, possibly, the breakdown of the ‘‘Shapiro intermediate.’’ During replicative transposition, the Shapiro inter- mediate is replicated to form a composite structure called the ‘‘cointegrate’’inwhichthedonorandrecipientrepliconsarefused togetherwithonecopyofthetransposonpresentateachjunction. Sincethetwocopiesofthetransposonarearrangedasdirectrepeats, thecointegrateisanunstableintermediatewhichis‘‘resolved’’into thedonorandrecipientreplicons—eachharboringonecopyofthe transposon. Resolution of the cointegrate is carried out by recombination(site-specificorgeneralized)betweenthetwodirectly repeatedcopiesofthetransposableelement.Transposonscanalso carryout‘‘intramoleculartransposition’’(i.e.,transpositionatother DNA sites within the same