An Empirical Explanation of the Speed-Distance Effect 英文参考文献.docVIP

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An Empirical Explanation of the Speed-Distance Effect 英文参考文献.doc

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An Empirical Explanation of the Speed-Distance Effect 英文参考文献

AnEmpiricalExplanationoftheSpeed-DistanceEffect WilliamT.Wojtach*,KyongjeSung,DalePurves CenterforCognitiveNeuroscience,DepartmentofNeurobiology,DukeUniversity,Durham,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Understandingmotionperceptioncontinuestobethesubjectofmuchdebate,acentralchallengebeingtoaccountfor whythespeedsanddirectionsseenaccordwithneitherthephysicalmovementsofobjectsnortheirprojectedmovements ontheretina.Hereweinvestigatethevariedperceptionsofspeedthatoccurwhenstimulimovingacrosstheretinatraverse different projected distances (the speed-distance effect). By analyzing a database of moving objects projected onto an image plane we show that this phenomenology can be quantitatively accounted for by the frequency of occurrence of imagespeedsgeneratedbyperspectivetransformation.Theseresultsindicatethatspeed-distanceeffectsaredetermined empiricallyfromaccumulatedpastexperiencewiththerelationshipbetweenimagespeedsandmovingobjects. Citation:WojtachWT,SungK,PurvesD(2009)AnEmpiricalExplanationoftheSpeed-DistanceEffect.PLoSONE4(8):e6771.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006771 Editor:EricWarrant,LundUniversity,Sweden ReceivedApril29,2009;AcceptedJuly11,2009;PublishedAugust26,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Wojtach et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:DukeUniversity.Thefundershadnoroleinstudydesign,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:wtw3@ Introduction imagesandtheirsourcesthatwouldbeextractedbehaviorallyover time [2]. In this way, we could determine the frequency with which 3-D objects generated different image speeds traversing a range of projected distances. If the speed-distance effect indeed arises from an empirical strategy of vision, then the relative occurr