Avalanches in a Stochastic Model of Spiking Neurons 英文参考文献.docVIP

AvalanchesinaStochasticModelofSpikingNeurons MarcBenayoun1.,JackD.Cowan2,WimvanDrongelen1,3,EdwardWallace2*. 1DepartmentofPediatrics,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,Illinois,United StatesofAmerica,3ComputationInstitute,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Neuronalavalanchesareaformofspontaneousactivitywidelyobservedincorticalslicesandothertypesofnervoustissue, bothinvivoandinvitro.Theyarecharacterizedbyirregular,isolatedpopulationburstswhenmanyneuronsfiretogether, wherethenumberofspikesperburstobeysapowerlawdistribution.Wesimulate,usingtheGillespiealgorithm,amodelof neuronal avalanches based on stochastic single neurons. The network consists of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, first withall-to-allconnectivityandlaterwithrandomsparseconnectivity.Analyzingourmodelusingthesystemsizeexpansion, we show that the model obeys the standard Wilson-Cowan equations for large network sizes (w105 neurons). When excitation and inhibition are closely balanced, networks of thousands of neurons exhibit irregular synchronous activity, including the characteristic power law distribution of avalanche size. We show that these avalanches are due to the balancednetworkhavingweaklystablefunctionallyfeedforwarddynamics,whichamplifiessomesmallfluctuationsintothe large population bursts. Balanced networks are thought to underlie a variety of observed network behaviours and have usefulcomputational properties, suchasrespondingquickly tochangesin input.Thus, theappearance ofavalanchesin such functionally feedforward networks indicates that avalanches may be a simple consequence of a widely present networkstructure,whenneurondynamicsarenoisy.Animportantimplicationisthatanetworkneednotbe‘‘critical’’for theproductionofavalanches,soexperimentallyobservedpowerlawsinburstsizemaybeasignatureofnoisyfunctionally feedforwardstructureratherthanof,forexample,self-organizedcriticality. Citatio