Avian Species Richness in Relation to Intensive Forest Management Practices in Early Seral Tree Plantations 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Avian Species Richness in Relation to Intensive Forest Management Practices in Early Seral Tree Plantations 英文参考文献.doc

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Avian Species Richness in Relation to Intensive Forest Management Practices in Early Seral Tree Plantations 英文参考文献

AvianSpeciesRichnessinRelationtoIntensiveForest ManagementPracticesinEarlySeralTreePlantations JayE.Jones1*,AndrewJ.Kroll2,JackGiovanini1,StevenD.Duke1,TanaM.Ellis3,MatthewG.Betts3 1Statistics,Mathematics,andOperationsResearch,WeyerhaeuserNR,FederalWay,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2TimberlandsTechnology,WeyerhaeuserNR, FederalWay,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofForestEcosystemsandSociety,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,Oregon,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Managersoflandscapesdedicatedtoforestcommodityproductionrequireinformationabouthowpractices influencebiologicaldiversity.Individualspeciesandcommunitiesmaybethreatenedifmanagementpracticestruncateor simplifyforestageclassesthatareessentialforreproductionandsurvival.Forinstance,thedegradationandlossofcomplex diverse forest in young age classes have been associated with declines in forest-associated Neotropical migrant bird populationsinthePacificNorthwest,USA.Thesedeclinesmaybeexacerbatedbyintensiveforestmanagementpractices that reduce hardwood and broadleaf shrub cover in order to promote growth of economically valuable tree species in plantations. Methodology and Principal Findings: We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to evaluate relationships between avian speciesrichnessandvegetationvariablesthatreflectstandmanagementintensity(primarilyviaherbicideapplication)on 212 tree plantations in the Coast Range, Oregon, USA. Specifically, we estimated the influence of broadleaf hardwood vegetation cover, which is reduced through herbicide applications, on bird species richness and individual species occupancy.Ourmodelaccountedforimperfectdetection.Weusedaveragepredictivecomparisonstoquantifythedegree of association between vegetation variables and species richness. Both conifer and hardwood cover were positively associatedwithtotalspeciesrichness,suggestingthatthesecomponentsofforeststandcompositionmaybeimportant predictors of alpha diversity. Estimates of species richness were 35–80% lower