AVPR1A Variant Associated with Preschoolers Lower Altruistic Behavior 英文参考文献.docVIP

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AVPR1A Variant Associated with Preschoolers Lower Altruistic Behavior 英文参考文献.doc

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AVPR1A Variant Associated with Preschoolers Lower Altruistic Behavior 英文参考文献

AVPR1AVariantAssociatedwithPreschoolers’Lower AltruisticBehavior ReutAvinun1,SalomonIsrael2,IdanShalev1,IngaGritsenko3,GaryBornstein2,4,RichardP.Ebstein2,5 , ArielKnafo2* 1DepartmentofNeurobiology,TheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel,2DepartmentofPsychology,TheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel, 3S. Herzog Memorial Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel, 4Center for the Study ofRationality and Interactive Decision Theory, Jerusalem, Israel, 5Department ofPsychology, NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore,Singapore Abstract Thegeneticoriginsofaltruism,definedhereasacostlyactaimedtobenefitnon-kinindividuals,havenotbeenexaminedin youngchildren.However,previousfindingsconcerningadultspointedattheargininevasopressinreceptor1A(AVPR1A) geneasapossiblecandidate.AVPR1Ahasbeenassociatedwitharangeofbehaviorsincludingaggressive,affiliativeand altruisticphenotypes,andrecentlyaspecificallele(327bp)ofoneofitspromoterregionpolymorphisms(RS3)hasbeen singledoutinparticular.Wemodeledaltruisticbehaviorinpreschoolersusingalaboratory-basedeconomicparadigm,a modified dictator game (DG), andtested for association between DG allocations andthe RS3 ‘‘target allele.’’Using both population and family-based analyses we show a significant link between lower allocations and the RS3 ‘‘target allele,’’ associatingit,forthefirsttime,withalowerproclivitytowardaltruisticbehaviorinchildren.Thisfindinghelpsfurtherthe understandingoftheintricatemechanismsunderlyingearlyaltruisticbehavior. Citation:AvinunR,IsraelS,ShalevI,GritsenkoI,BornsteinG,etal.(2011)AVPR1AVariantAssociatedwithPreschoolers’LowerAltruisticBehavior.PLoSONE6(9): e25274.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025274 Editor:HenryHarpending,UniversityofUtah,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJuly4,2011;AcceptedAugust30,2011;PublishedSeptember28,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Avinun et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanym