Differential Contribution of Rod and Cone Circadian Clocks in Driving Retinal Melatonin Rhythms in Xenopus 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Differential Contribution of Rod and Cone Circadian Clocks in Driving Retinal Melatonin Rhythms in Xenopus 英文参考文献.doc

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Differential Contribution of Rod and Cone Circadian Clocks in Driving Retinal Melatonin Rhythms in Xenopus 英文参考文献

DifferentialContributionofRodandConeCircadian ClocksinDrivingRetinalMelatoninRhythmsinXenopus NaotoHayasaka*,SilviaI.LaRue,CarlaB.Green¤ DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,Virginia,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Although an endogenous circadian clock located in the retinal photoreceptor layer governs various physiologicaleventsincludingmelatoninrhythmsinXenopuslaevis,itremainsunknownwhichofthephotoreceptors,rod and/orcone,isresponsibleforthecircadianregulationofmelatoninrelease. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Weselectivelydisruptedcircadianclockfunctionineithertherodorconephotoreceptor cellsbygeneratingtransgenicXenopustadpolesexpressingadominant-negativeCLOCK(XCLDQ)underthecontrolofarod or cone-specific promoter. Eyecup culture and continuous melatonin measurement revealed that circadian rhythms of melatoninreleasewereabolishedinamajorityoftherod-specificXCLDQtransgenictadpoles,althoughthepercentageof arrhythmiawaslowerthanthatoftransgenictadpoleeyesexpressingXCLDQinbothrodsandcones.Incontrast,whereasa higherpercentageofarrhythmiawasobservedintheeyesofthecone-specificXCLDQtransgenictadpolescomparetowild- typecounterparts,theratewassignificantlylowerthaninrod-specifictransgenics.Thelevelsofthetransgeneexpression werecomparablebetweenthesetwodifferenttypesoftransgenics.Inaddition,theaverageoverallmelatoninlevelswere notchangedinthearrhythmiceyes,suggestingthatCLOCKdoesnotaffectabsolutelevelsofmelatonin,onlyitstemporal expressionpattern. Conclusions/Significance: These results suggest that although the Xenopus retina is made up of approximately equal numbers of rods and cones, the circadian clocks in the rod cells play a dominant role in driving circadian melatonin rhythmicityintheXenopusretina,althoughsomecontributionoftheclockinconecellscannotbeexcluded. Citation: Hayasaka N, LaRue SI, Green CB (2010) Differential Contribution of Rod and Cone Circadian Clocks in Driving Retinal Melatonin Rhythms in Xenopus.PLoSONE5(12):e15599.doi:1