Effect of Commercially Available Egg Cures on the Survival of Juvenile Salmonids 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effect of Commercially Available Egg Cures on the Survival of Juvenile Salmonids 英文参考文献.doc

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Effect of Commercially Available Egg Cures on the Survival of Juvenile Salmonids 英文参考文献

EffectofCommerciallyAvailableEggCuresonthe SurvivalofJuvenileSalmonids ShaunClements1*,RobChitwood2,CarlB.Schreck3 1OregonDepartmentofFishandWildlife,Corvallis,Oregon,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofFisheriesandWildlife,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,Oregon, UnitedStatesofAmerica,3OregonCooperativeFishandWildlifeResearchUnit,UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,Oregon,UnitedStates ofAmerica Abstract There is some concern that incidental consumption of eggs cured with commercially available cures for the purpose of sport fishing causes mortality in juvenile salmon. We evaluated this by feeding juvenile spring Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) with eggs cured with one of five commercially available cures. We observed significant levelsof mortality in both pre-smolts andsmolts. Depending on the experiment, 2, 3, or 4 of the cures were associatedwithmortality.Mortalitytendedtobehigherinthesmoltsthanintheparr,buttherewasnoclearspecieseffect. Themajorityofmortality occurredwithinthefirst10doffeeding.Removalofsodiumsulfitefromthecuresignificantly reducedthelevelofmortality.Soakingtheeggspriortofeedingdidnotreducemortality.Weobservedaclearrelationship betweentheamountofcuredeggconsumedeachdayandthesurvivaltime.Weconcludethatconsumptionofeggscured withsodiumsulfitehasthepotentialtocausemortalityinjuvenilesteelheadandChinooksalmoninthewild. Citation:ClementsS,ChitwoodR,SchreckCB(2011)EffectofCommerciallyAvailableEggCuresontheSurvivalofJuvenileSalmonids.PLoSONE6(6):e21406. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021406 Editor:HowardBrowman,InstituteofMarineResearch,Norway ReceivedMarch16,2011;AcceptedMay27,2011;PublishedJune27,2011 Thisisanopen-accessarticle,freeofallcopyright,andmaybefreelyreproduced,distributed,transmitted,modified,builtupon,orotherwiseusedbyanyonefor anylawfulpurpose.TheworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsCC0publicdomaindedication. Funding:Thisstudywaspartiallyfundedbyagrant(#07-132)fromtheOregonDepartmentof