Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines against Influenza-Associated Illnesses among US Military Personnel in 2010–11 A Case-Control Approach 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines against Influenza-Associated Illnesses among US Military Personnel in 2010–11 A Case-Control Approach 英文参考文献.doc

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Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines against Influenza-Associated Illnesses among US Military Personnel in 2010–11 A Case-Control Approach 英文参考文献

EffectivenessofSeasonalInfluenzaVaccinesagainst Influenza-AssociatedIllnessesamongUSMilitary Personnelin2010–11:ACase-ControlApproach AngeliaA.Eick-Cost1,3*,KatieJ.Tastad2,3,AliciaC.Guerrero2¤b,MatthewC.Johns1¤a,Seung-eunLee1, VictorH.MacIntosh2,RonaldL.Burke1,DavidL.Blazes1,KevinL.Russell1,JoseL.Sanchez1,3* 1ArmedForcesHealthSurveillanceCenter(AFHSC),SilverSpring,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2USAirForceSchoolofAerospaceMedicine(USAFSAM),711th HumanPerformanceWing,WrightPattersonAirForceBase,Ohio,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3HenryM.JacksonFoundationfortheAdvancementofMilitaryMedicine, Inc.,(HJF),Bethesda,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Introduction:Followingthe2009influenzaA/H1N1(pH1N1)pandemic,bothseasonalandpH1N1virusescirculatedinthe USduringthe2010–2011influenzaseason;influenzavaccineeffectiveness(VE)mayvarybetweenliveattenuated(LAIV)and trivalentinactivated(TIV)vaccinesaswellasbyvirussubtype. Materials and Methods: Vaccine type and virus subtype-specific VE were determined for US military active component personnel for the period of September 1, 2010 through April 30, 2011. Laboratory-confirmed influenza-related medical encounters were compared to matched individuals with a non-respiratory illness (healthy controls), and unmatched individualswhoexperiencedanon-influenzarespiratoryillness(test-negativecontrols).Oddsratios(OR)andVEestimates werecalculatedoverall,byvaccinetypeandinfluenzasubtype. Results: A total of 603 influenza cases were identified. Overall VE was relatively low and similar regardless of whether healthy controls (VE=26%, 95% CI: 21 to 45) or test-negative controls (VE=29%, 95% CI: 26 to 53) were used as comparisongroups.Usingtest-negativecontrols,vaccinetype-specificVEwasfoundtobehigherforTIV(53%,95%CI:25to 71)thanforLAIV(VE=213%,95%CI:277to27).Influenzasubtype-specificanalysesrevealedmoderateprotectionagainst A/H3(VE=58%,95%CI:21to78),butnotagainstA/H1(VE=238%,95%CI:2211to39)orB(VE=34%,95%CI:2122to 80). Conclusion:Overall,alowlevelofprot