Efficacy of Aquatain, a Monomolecular Film, for the Control of Malaria Vectors in Rice Paddies 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Efficacy of Aquatain, a Monomolecular Film, for the Control of Malaria Vectors in Rice Paddies 英文参考文献.doc

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Efficacy of Aquatain, a Monomolecular Film, for the Control of Malaria Vectors in Rice Paddies 英文参考文献

EfficacyofAquatain,aMonomolecularFilm,forthe ControlofMalariaVectorsinRicePaddies TulluBukhari1*,WillemTakken1,AndrewK.Githeko2,ConstantianusJ.M.Koenraadt1 1LaboratoryofEntomology,WageningenUniversityandResearchCentre,Wageningen,TheNetherlands,2KenyaMedicalResearchInstitute,Kisumu,Kenya Abstract Background:Ricepaddiesharbouralargevarietyoforganismsincludinglarvaeofmalariamosquitoes.Thesepaddiesare challenging for mosquito control because their large size, slurry and vegetation make it difficult to effectively apply a control agent. Aquatain, a monomolecular surface film, can be considered a suitable mosquito control agent for such breedinghabitatsduetoitsphysicalproperties.ThepropertiesallowAquataintoself-spreadoverawatersurfaceandaffect multiplestagesofthemosquitolifecycle. Methodology/Principal Findings: A trial based on a pre-test/post-test control group design evaluated the potential of AquatainasamosquitocontrolagentatAheroriceirrigationschemeinKenya.AfterAquatainapplicationatadoseof2ml/ m2onricepaddies,earlystageanophelinelarvaewerereducedby36%,andlatestageanophelinelarvaeby16%.However, evenatalowerdoseof1ml/m2therewasa93.2%reductioninemergenceofanophelineadultsand69.5%reductionin emergenceofculicineadults.Nopupationwasobservedintreatedbucketsthatwerepartofafieldbio-assaycarriedout paralleltothetrial.Aquatainapplicationsavednearly1.7Lofwaterinsixdaysfromawatersurfaceof0.2m2underfield conditions. Aquatain had no negative effect on rice plants as well as on a variety of non-target organisms, except backswimmers. Conclusions/Significance:WedemonstratedthatAquatainisaneffectiveagentforthecontrolofanophelineandculicine mosquitoesinirrigatedricepaddies.Theagentreduceddensitiesofaquaticlarvalstagesand,moreimportantly,strongly impactedtheemergenceofadultmosquitoes.Aquatainalsoreducedwaterlossduetoevaporation.Nonegativeimpacts werefoundoneitherabundanceofnon-targetorganisms,orgrowthanddevelopmentofriceplants.Aquatain,therefore, appearsasuitablemosquitocontroltoolforu