Electrical Stimulation of the Primate Lateral Habenula Suppresses Saccadic Eye Movement through a Learning Mechanism 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Electrical Stimulation of the Primate Lateral Habenula Suppresses Saccadic Eye Movement through a Learning Mechanism 英文参考文献.doc

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Electrical Stimulation of the Primate Lateral Habenula Suppresses Saccadic Eye Movement through a Learning Mechanism 英文参考文献

ElectricalStimulationofthePrimateLateralHabenula SuppressesSaccadicEyeMovementthroughaLearning Mechanism MasayukiMatsumoto1,2*,OkihideHikosaka1 1LaboratoryofSensorimotorResearch,NationalEyeInstitute,NationalInstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2PrimateResearchInstitute, KyotoUniversity,Inuyama,Aichi,Japan Abstract Thelateralhabenula(LHb)isabrainstructurewhichrepresentsnegativemotivationalvalue.NeuronsintheLHbareexcited by unpleasant events such as reward omission and aversive stimuli, and transmit these signals to midbrain dopamine neuronswhichareinvolvedinlearningandmotivation.However,itremainsunclearwhetherthesephasicchangesinLHb neuronalactivityactuallyinfluenceanimalbehavior.Toanswerthisquestion,weartificiallyactivatedtheLHbbyelectrical stimulation while monkeys were performing a visually guided saccade task. In one block of trials, saccades to one fixed direction(e.g.,rightdirection)werefollowedbyelectricalstimulationoftheLHbwhilesaccadestotheotherdirection(e.g., left direction) were not. The direction-stimulation contingency was reversed in the next block. We found that the post- saccadicstimulationoftheLHbincreasedthelatenciesofsaccadesinsubsequenttrials.Notably,theincreaseofthelatency occurred gradually as the saccade was repeatedly followed by the stimulation, suggesting that the effect of the post- saccadicstimulationwasaccumulatedacrosstrials.LHbstimulationstartingbeforesaccades,on theotherhand,hadno effectonsaccadelatency.TogetherwithpreviousstudiesshowingLHbactivationbyrewardomissionandaversivestimuli, thepresent stimulationexperiment suggests that LHbactivity contributes tolearning tosuppress actions which leadto unpleasantevents. Citation: Matsumoto M, Hikosaka O (2011) Electrical Stimulation of the Primate Lateral Habenula Suppresses Saccadic Eye Movement through a Learning Mechanism.PLoSONE6(10):e26701.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026701 Editor:EhsanArabzadeh,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia ReceivedAugust20,2011;Accept