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Endothelial Lipase A New Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis 英文参考文献
Synopses of Research Articles
Death by Necrosis: The Early Stages of Type 1 Diabetes
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030051
Diabetes mellitus is a major global
health problem. The most common form
of diabetes—90%–95% of cases—is
type 2 or non-insulin-dependent
diabetes, which affects mainly adults.
The remaining cases are type 1 or
insulin-dependent diabetes. Also known
as juvenile diabetes, type 1 diabetes
usually develops before the age of 30.
It is an autoimmune disease in which
the insulin-producing orβ-cells of
chromatin-binding protein that is
released by cells undergoing necrosis
but not apoptosis) by ratβ-cells.
Finally, because humanβ-cells behave
somewhat differently from ratβ-cells,
the researchers demonstrate that a
combination of cytokines (including IL-1)
stimulated HMGB1 release from some
preparations of human islets in an NO-
dependent manner.
Overall, the authors conclude that
macrophage-derived cytokines may
participate in the early stages of type 1
diabetes by inducing necrotic death in
β-cells. Other researchers believe that
apoptotic cell death is more important
in these early stages, particularly in
human cells. But, based on their results,
Corbett and colleagues speculate that
cytokine induction of necrosis could
kick start type 1 diabetes by causing
the release of bothβ-cell antigens and
HMGB1, which stimulates in?ammatory
responses. Although these ?ndings need
to be con?rmed within the context of
the human pancreas—what cells do in
vitro may not re?ect what happens in the
body—they provide new insights into
the early stages of type 1 diabetes that
could suggest ways to prevent or stop its
development.
the pancreatic islets of Langerhans
(groups of specialized cells that regulate
blood sugar levels) are destroyed by
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030051.g001
IL-1 causes nuclear membrane breakdown
lymphocytes. Type 1 diabetes affects
about one in 500 American children and
adolescents; the only treatment is daily
insulin injections.
β-cell death is
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