Etiology and Incidence of Viral and Bacterial Acute Respiratory Illness among Older Children and Adults in Rural Western Kenya, 2007–2010 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Etiology and Incidence of Viral and Bacterial Acute Respiratory Illness among Older Children and Adults in Rural Western Kenya, 2007–2010 英文参考文献.doc

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Etiology and Incidence of Viral and Bacterial Acute Respiratory Illness among Older Children and Adults in Rural Western Kenya, 2007–2010 英文参考文献

EtiologyandIncidenceofViralandBacterialAcute RespiratoryIllnessamongOlderChildrenandAdultsin RuralWesternKenya,2007–2010 DanielR.Feikin1,2*,M.KariukiNjenga1,2,GodfreyBigogo1,2,BarrackAura1,2,GeorgeAol1,2,AllanAudi1,2 GeoffreyJagero1,2,PeterOchiengMuluare1,2,StellaGikunju1,2,LeonardNderitu1,2,AmandaBalish3, JonasWinchell3,EileenSchneider3,DeanErdman3,M.StevenOberste3,MarkA.Katz2,3, RobertF.Breiman1,2 , 1GlobalDiseaseDetectionDivision,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,InternationalEmergingInfectionsProgram,Kisumu,Kenya, 2KenyaMedicalResearch Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health and Research Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya, 3National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Fewcomprehensivedataexistondiseaseincidenceforspecificetiologiesofacuterespiratoryillness(ARI)in olderchildrenandadultsinAfrica. Methodology/Principal Findings: FromMarch1, 2007,toFebruary28,2010,amongasurveillancepopulationof21,420 persons .5 years old in rural western Kenya, we collected blood for culture and malaria smears, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngealswabsforquantitativereal-timePCRfortenvirusesandthreeatypicalbacteria,andurineforpneumococcal antigentestingonoutpatientsandinpatientsmeetingaARIcasedefinition(coughordifficultybreathingorchestpainand temperature.38.0uCoroxygensaturation,90%orhospitalization).Wealsocollectedswabsfromasymptomaticcontrols, fromwhichwecalculatedpathogen-attributablefractions,adjustingforage,season,andHIV-status,inlogisticregression. We calculated incidence by pathogen, adjusting for health-seeking for ARI and pathogen-attributable fractions. Among 3,406 ARI patients .5 years old (adjusted annual incidence 12.0 per 100 person-years), influenza A virus was the most common virus (22% overall; 11% inpatients, 27% outpatients) and Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacteria(16%overall;23%inpatients,14%outpatients),yi