Evidence for Anomalous Network Connectivity during Working Memory Encoding in Schizophrenia An ICA Based Analysis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence for Anomalous Network Connectivity during Working Memory Encoding in Schizophrenia An ICA Based Analysis 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence for Anomalous Network Connectivity during Working Memory Encoding in Schizophrenia An ICA Based Analysis 英文参考文献

EvidenceforAnomalousNetworkConnectivityduring WorkingMemoryEncodinginSchizophrenia:AnICA BasedAnalysis ShashwathA.Meda1*,MichaelC.Stevens1,BradleyS.Folley1,5,VinceD.Calhoun1,2,3,4,GodfreyD. Pearlson1,2,3 1Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America, 2Department of Psychiatry, Yale UniversitySchool ofMedicine,New Haven,Connecticut,United StatesofAmerica, 3Department ofPsychiatry,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,Maryland,United States ofAmerica,4TheMINDInstitute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, UnitedStates ofAmerica,5Vanderbilt University, KennedyCenter andDepartment ofPsychiatry, Nashville,Tennessee,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Numerous neuroimaging studies report abnormal regional brain activity during working memory performance in schizophrenia, but few have examined brain network integration as determined by ‘‘functional connectivity’’analyses. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used independent component analysis (ICA) to identify and characterize dysfunctionalspatiotemporalnetworksinschizophreniaengagedduringthedifferentstages(encodingandrecognition) ofaSternbergworkingmemoryfMRIparadigm.37chronicschizophreniaand54healthyage/gender-matchedparticipants performedamodifiedSternbergItemRecognitionfMRItask.TimeseriesimagespreprocessedwithSPM2wereanalyzed usingICA.Schizophreniapatientsshowedrelativelylessengagementofseveraldistinct‘‘normal’’encoding-relatedworking memory networks compared to controls. These encoding networks comprised 1) left posterior parietal-left dorsal/ ventrolateralprefrontalcortex,cingulate,basalganglia,2)rightposteriorparietal,rightdorsolateralprefrontalcortexand3) default mode network. In addition, the left fronto-parietal network demonstrated a load-dependent functional response during encoding. Network engagement that differed between groups during recognition comprised the posterior cingulate, cuneus and hippocampus/parahippocampus. As