Evidence of Recombination and Genetic Diversity in Human Rhinoviruses in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence of Recombination and Genetic Diversity in Human Rhinoviruses in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence of Recombination and Genetic Diversity in Human Rhinoviruses in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection 英文参考文献

EvidenceofRecombinationandGeneticDiversityin HumanRhinovirusesinChildrenwithAcuteRespiratory Infection TingHuang1.,WeiWang1.,MaelBessaud2.,PeijunRen1,JunSheng3,HuajieYan3,JingZhang1 ,Xin Lin1,YongjinWang1,FrancisDelpeyroux2,VincentDeubel1* 1InstitutPasteurofShanghai,ChineseAcademyofSciences,ShanghaiInstituteofBiologicalSciences,UnitofEmergingViruses,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina, 2InstitutPasteur,UnitofBiologyofEntericViruses,DepartmentofVirology,Paris,France,3ShanghaiNanxiangHospital,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina Abstract Background: Humanrhinoviruses(HRVs)areahighlyprevalentcauseofacuterespiratoryinfectioninchildren.Theyare classifiedintoatleastthreespecies,HRV-A,HRV-BandHRV-C,whicharecharacterizedbysequencingthe59untranslated region(UTR)ortheVP4/VP2regionofthegenome.GiventheincreasedinterestfornovelHRVstrainidentificationandtheir worldwidedistribution,wehavecarriedoutclinicalandmoleculardiagnosisofHRVstrainsina2-yearstudyofchildrenwith acuterespiratoryinfectionvisitingonedistricthospitalinShanghai. Methodology/Findings: We cloned and sequenced a 924-nt fragment that covered part of the 59UTR and the VP4/VP2 capsidgenes.Sixty-fourHRV-infectedoutpatientswerediagnosedamongst827childrenwithacutelowrespiratorytract infection. Two samples were co-infected with HRV-A and HRV-B or HRV-C. By comparative analysis of the VP4/VP2 sequencesofthe66HRVs,weshowedahighdiversityofstrainsinHRV-AandHRV-Bspecies,andaprevalenceof51.5%of strainsthatbelongedtotherecentlyidentifiedHRV-Cspecies.Whenanalyzingafragmentofthe59UTR,wecharacterizedat leasttwosubspeciesofHRV-C:HRV-Cc,whichclustereddifferentlyfromHRV-AandHRV-B,andHRV-Ca,whichresultedfrom previousrecombinationinthisregionwithsequencesrelatedtoHRV-A.Thefull-lengthsequenceofonestrainofeachHRV- CaandHRV-Ccsubspecieswasobtainedforcomparativeanalysis.Weconfirmedthecloserelationshipoftheirstructural proteinsbutshowedapparentadditionalrecombinationeventsinthe2Ageneand39UTRoftheHRV-Castrain.Doubleor tripleinfectionswithHRV-Candres