Evolution of Trefoil Factor(s) Genetic and Spatio-Temporal Expression of Trefoil Factor 2 in the Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolution of Trefoil Factor(s) Genetic and Spatio-Temporal Expression of Trefoil Factor 2 in the Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolution of Trefoil Factor(s) Genetic and Spatio-Temporal Expression of Trefoil Factor 2 in the Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) 英文参考文献

EvolutionofTrefoilFactor(s):GeneticandSpatio- TemporalExpressionofTrefoilFactor2intheChicken (GallusGallusDomesticus) ZhengyuJiang1,AmyC.Lossie1,2,ToddJ.Applegate1* 1DepartmentofAnimalSciences,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofMedicine,IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine, Indianapolis,Indiana,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Trefoilfactorsareessentialhealinginitiatorsparticipatinginmucosalreconstitutionandtissuemorphogenesis,especiallyon thesurfacesofthegastrointestinaltract.Thisfamilyhasbeenclonedandcharacterizedpredominantlyfrommammalsand amphibians. Avian species ingest stone and grit to help digest food, which may expose their gut to severe physical conditions.TofurthertheunderstandingofthefunctionoftheTFFgenefamilyacrossspecies,weundertookthisresearch toclone,sequence,andcharacterizethespatio-temporalexpressionpatternsofchickenTFF2(ChTFF2)cDNA.Bioinformatics analysis of the promoter region and deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated that ChTFF2 contained unique characteristics; specifically the chicken promoter has multiple start sites and the protein contains a series of Lys-Lys-Val repeats.Unlikemammals,whereTFF2isdetectedprimarilyinthestomach,andoccasionallyintheproximalduodenum, chickenTFF2transcriptsarefoundthroughoutthegastrointestinaltract,withmajorexpressionsitesintheglandularand muscular stomachaswell asevidentexpressioninthecolon, small intestine,cecaltonsil andcrop.Temporal analysis of intestinal ChTFF2 transcripts by quantitative RT-PCR showed high levels in embryos and a trend of constant expression duringembryonicandpost-hatchdevelopment,withareductionoccurringaroundhatch.Phylogeneticanalysishighlighted theconservationofTFFproteinsandfunctionaldivergenceoftrefoildomains,whichsuggestatransitionalroleinthebird duringevolution. Citation:JiangZ,LossieAC,ApplegateTJ(2011)EvolutionofTrefoilFactor(s):GeneticandSpatio-TemporalExpressionofTrefoilFactor2intheChicken(Gallus GallusDomesticus).PLoSONE6(7):e22691.doi:1