Experience Matters Females Use Smell to Select Experienced Males for Paternal Care 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Experience Matters Females Use Smell to Select Experienced Males for Paternal Care 英文参考文献.doc

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Experience Matters Females Use Smell to Select Experienced Males for Paternal Care 英文参考文献

ExperienceMatters:FemalesUseSmelltoSelect ExperiencedMalesforPaternalCare NicholaFletcher1,EllenJ.Storey1,MagnusJohnson2,DonaldJ.Reish3,Jo¨rgD.Hardege1* 1DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofHull,Hull,UnitedKingdom,2CentreforEnvironmentalandMarineResearch,UniversityofHull,Scarborough,United Kingdom,3DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,CaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeach,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Mate choice and mating preferences often rely on the information content of signals exchanged between potential partners.Inspecieswhereafemale’sreproductionistheterminaleventinlifeitistobeexpectedthatfemaleschoosehigh qualitymalesandassessmalesusingsomehonestindicatorofmalequality.TheNereididpolychaete,Neanthesacuminata, exhibitsmonogamouspairingandthereleaseofeggsbyfemalesterminatesherlifeandlarvalsuccessreliesentirelyona male’s ability to provide paternal care. As such females should have developed reliable, condition-dependent criteria to choose mates to guarantee survival and care for offspring. We show that females actively chose males experienced in fatherhoodoverothers.Intheabsenceofexperiencedmalesdominance,asevidentfrommale-malefights,isutilizedfor mateselection.Thepreferenceforexperiencedmalesisnotaffectedbyprevioussocialinteractionsbetweentheindividuals. We show that the choice of the partner is based on chemical signals demonstrating a ‘scent of experience’ to females providingevidencefortheroleofchemicalsignalsinsexualselectionforpaternalcareaddingtoourunderstandingofthe mechanismsregulatingcondition-dependentmatechoice. Citation:FletcherN,StoreyEJ,JohnsonM,ReishDJ,HardegeJD(2009)ExperienceMatters:FemalesUseSmelltoSelectExperiencedMalesforPaternalCare.PLoS ONE4(11):e7672.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007672 Editor:DavidHosken,UniversityofExeter,UnitedKingdom ReceivedJanuary26,2009;AcceptedSeptember21,2009;PublishedNovember4,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Fletcher et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Att