Express Attentional Re-Engagement but Delayed Entry into Consciousness Following Invalid Spatial Cues in Visual Search 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Express Attentional Re-Engagement but Delayed Entry into Consciousness Following Invalid Spatial Cues in Visual Search 英文参考文献.doc

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Express Attentional Re-Engagement but Delayed Entry into Consciousness Following Invalid Spatial Cues in Visual Search 英文参考文献

ExpressAttentionalRe-EngagementbutDelayedEntry intoConsciousnessFollowingInvalidSpatialCuesin VisualSearch BenoitBrisson*,PierreJolic?ur CentredeRechercheenNeuropsychologieetCognition,Universite′ deMontre′al,Montre′al,Que′bec,Canada Abstract Background: In predictive spatial cueing studies, reaction times (RT) are shorter for targets appearing at cued locations (validtrials)thanatotherlocations(invalidtrials).AnincreaseintheamplitudeofearlyP1and/orN1event-relatedpotential (ERP) components is also present for items appearing at cued locations, reflecting early attentional sensory gain control mechanisms. However, it is still unknown at which stage in the processing stream these early amplitude effects are translatedintolatencyeffects. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we measured the latency of two ERP components, the N2pc and the sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), to evaluate whether visual selection (as indexed by the N2pc) and visual-short termmemoryprocesses(asindexedbytheSPCN)aredelayedininvalidtrialscomparedtovalidtrials.TheP1waslarger contralateraltothecuedside,indicatingthatattentionwasdeployedtothecuedlocationpriortothetargetonset.Despite these early amplitude effects, the N2pc onset latency was unaffected by cue validity, indicating an express, quasi- instantaneous re-engagement of attention in invalid trials. In contrast, latency effects were observed for the SPCN, and thesewerecorrelatedtotheRTeffect. Conclusions/Significance:ResultsshowthatlatencydifferencesthatcouldexplaintheRTcueingeffectsmustoccurafter visualselectionprocessesgivingrisetotheN2pc,butatorbeforetransferinvisualshort-termmemory,asreflectedbythe SPCN,atleastindiscriminationtasksinwhichthetargetispresentedconcurrentlywithatleastonedistractor.Giventhat theSPCNwaspreviouslyassociatedtoconsciousreport,theseresultsfurthershowthatentryintoconsciousnessisdelayed followinginvalidcues. Citation: Brisson B, Jolic?ur P (2008) Express Attentional Re-Engagement but Delayed En