Expressing the Differences between Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Expressing the Differences between Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis 英文参考文献.doc

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Expressing the Differences between Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis 英文参考文献

Open access, freely available online Perspectives Expressing the Differences between Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Cisca Wijmenga I n?ammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mainly seen in developed, urbanized countries, and its incidence a close look at the genes differentially expressed in mucosal biopsies taken from the sigmoidal colons of ten experiments were repeated ?ve times. The authors were able to identify genes with at least a 1.2-fold change between groups, differences much smaller than commonly reported for these types of studies. Hence, the number of genes differentially expressed was rather large: 378 genes unique to CD, 150 genes unique to UC, and 122 genes differentially expressed in both groups, compared to normal control tissue. Although both UC and CD share a general in?ammation pro?le, these results strengthen earlier suggestions that CD and UC are, at the molecular level, two related yet different forms of chronic intestinal in?ammation. Follow-up studies indicated that most of these differentially expressed genes may not be IBD-speci?c, but rather a consequence of colon in?ammation. Three other microarray studies on IBD have been published, but there is little overlap between the individual genes identi?ed [3–5]. Although the experimental designs of these four studies differ signi?cantly, it is interesting that the studies all point to the involvement of similar biological processes: immune-related processes, oncogenesis/cell proliferation/growth, and structure/permeability-related processes. increased steeply at the beginning of the 20th century, concurrently with improved hygiene. Similar trends have been observed for allergic and autoimmune disorders, suggesting that a reduction in microbial burden contributes to disease pathogenesis. Apart from environmental factors playing a strong role, genetic factors are also involved in IBD, so it is regarded as a complex disorder. individuals with UC, ten individuals with C