Fitness Costs Predict Inbreeding Aversion Irrespective of Self-Involvement Support for Hypotheses Derived from Evolutionary Theory 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fitness Costs Predict Inbreeding Aversion Irrespective of Self-Involvement Support for Hypotheses Derived from Evolutionary Theory 英文参考文献.doc

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Fitness Costs Predict Inbreeding Aversion Irrespective of Self-Involvement Support for Hypotheses Derived from Evolutionary Theory 英文参考文献

FitnessCostsPredictInbreedingAversionIrrespectiveof Self-Involvement:SupportforHypothesesDerivedfrom EvolutionaryTheory JanAntfolk1*,DebraLieberman2,PekkaSanttila1 1Department ofPsychologyandLogopedics,AboAkademiUniversity, Turku,Finland, 2DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofMiami,CoralGables,Florida,United StatesofAmerica Abstract It is expected that in humans, the lowered fitness of inbred offspring has produced a sexual aversion between close relatives.Generally,thestrengthofthisaversiondependsonthedegreeofrelatednessbetweentwoindividuals,withcloser relativesincitinggreateraversionthanmoredistantrelatives.Individualsarealsoexpectedtoopposeactsofinbreeding thatdonotincludetheself,asinbreedingbetweentwoindividualspositsfitnesscostsnotonlytotheindividualsinvolved inthesexualact,butalsototheirbiologicalrelatives.Thus,thestrengthofinbreedingaversionshouldbepredictedbythe fitnesscostsaninbredchildpositstoagivenindividual,irrespectiveofthisindividual’sactualinvolvementinthesexualact. Totestthisprediction,weobtainedinformationaboutthefamilystructuresof663participants,whoreportedthenumber of same-sex siblings, opposite-sex siblings, opposite-sex half siblings and opposite-sex cousins. Each participant was presentedwiththreedifferenttypesofinbreedingscenarios:1)Participantdescriptions,inwhichparticipantsthemselves were described as having sex with an actual opposite-sex relative (sibling, half sibling, or cousin); 2) Related third-party descriptions, in which participants’ actual same-sex siblings were described as having sex with their actual opposite-sex relatives; 3) Unrelated third-party descriptions, in which individuals of the same sex as the participants but unrelated to themweredescribedashavingsexwithopposite-sexrelatives.Participantsratedeachdescriptiononthestrengthofsexual aversion(i.e.,disgust-reaction).Wefoundthatunrelatedthird-partydescriptionselicitedlessdisgustthanrelatedthird-party and participant descriptions. Related third-party and participant descr