Found The Elusive ANTAR Transcription Antiterminator 英文参考文献.docVIP

Perspective Found:TheElusiveANTARTranscriptionAntiterminator ValleyStewart1*,HermanvanTilbeurgh2* 1DepartmentofMicrobiology,UniversityofCaliforniaDavis,Davis,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2IBBMC-CNRSUMR8619,Universite′ Paris-Sud,Orsay,France Regulated transcription termination Although different ANTAR proteins use a variety of signal input domains, at leasthalfcontainatwo-componentsignal transduction receiver domain [6,11]. Re- ceiverfunctionisgovernedthroughphos- phorylation and dephosphorylation by a cognate signal-responsive sensor kinase [17]. For example, the ethanolamine- responsive EutW sensor kinase controls theEutVresponseregulator,whichmedi- ates antitermination control of ethanol- amine catabolism (eut operons) in Entero- coccus faecalis [18–20]. Other ANTAR proteins, including AmiR, contain a non- phosphorylated pseudo-receiver domain [13,17]. antiterminator to enable transcription providesanefficientandresponsivemeans to control gene expression [1]. Intrinsic terminators, which consist of an RNA stem-loop followed by a poly-U tract, catalyze termination by disrupting the readthrough. (Indeed, restriction sites in- troducedintothenasFoperonleader[16] destroy the P2 structure, explaining the resultantuninduciblephenotype.) To test this model, Ramesh et al. first constructed a variety of site-specific alter- ations in the eutP leader, and confirmed RNA polymerase elongation complex [2].Inantitermination, anantiterminator stem-loop is mutually exclusive with the terminator stem-loop [1,3]. In different contexts, formation of the antiterminator stem-loop is governed by a translating ribosome [1], a ligand-binding riboswitch [4,5],orasignal-responsiveRNA–binding protein [3]. This latter mechanism is illuminated by Ramesh et al. [6], who the subelements important for EutV binding and antitermination: the P1 and P2 structures; their relative spacing; and the P1 and P2 loop residues A1 and G4 [6]. Ramesh et al. then evaluated the EutV o