Functional Synergies Underlying Control of Upright Posture during Changes in Head Orientation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Functional Synergies Underlying Control of Upright Posture during Changes in Head Orientation 英文参考文献.doc

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Functional Synergies Underlying Control of Upright Posture during Changes in Head Orientation 英文参考文献

FunctionalSynergiesUnderlyingControlofUpright PostureduringChangesinHeadOrientation EunsePark1,GregorScho¨ner2,JohnP.Scholz1,3* 1BiomechanicsandMovementScienceProgram,UniversityofDelaware,Newark,Delaware,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Institutefu¨rNeuroinformatik,RuhrUniversity, Bochum,Germany,3PhysicalTherapyDepartment,UniversityofDelaware,Newark,Delaware,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Studiesofhumanuprightposturetypicallyhavestressedtheneedtocontrolankleandhipjointstoachieve postural stability. Recent studies, however, suggest that postural stability involves multi degree-of-freedom (DOF) coordination, especially when performing supra-postural tasks. This study investigated kinematic synergies related to control of the body’s position in space (two, four and six DOF models) and changes in the head’s orientation (six DOF model). Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Subjectseithertrackedaverticallymovingtargetwithahead-mountedlaserpointeror fixatedastationarypointduring4-mintrials.Uncontrolledmanifold(UCM)analysiswasperformedacrosstrackingcyclesat each point in time to determine the structure of joint configuration variance related to postural stability or tracking consistency. The effect of simulated removal of covariance among joints on that structure was investigated to further determinetheroleofmultijointcoordination.Resultsindicatedthatcervicaljointmotionwaspoorlycoordinatedwithother joints to stabilize the position of the body center of mass (CM). However, cervical joints were coordinated in a flexible mannerwithmorecaudaljointstoachieveconsistentchangesinheadorientation. Conclusions/Significance: An understanding of multijoint coordination requires reference to the stability/control of importantperformancevariables.Thenatureofthatcoordinationdiffersdependingonthereferencevariable.Stabilityof uprightpostureprimarilyinvolvedmultijointcoordinationoflowerextremityandlowertrunkjoints.Consistentchangesin theorientationofthehead,however,requiredflexiblecoordinationoft