Gene Transposition Causing Natural Variation for Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana 英文参考文献.docVIP

GeneTranspositionCausingNaturalVariationforGrowth inArabidopsisthaliana DanielaVlad1,FabriceRappaport2,MatthieuSimon1,OlivierLoudet1* 1InstitutJean-PierreBourgin,UMR1318INRA-AgroParisTech,Versailles,France,2InstitutdeBiologiePhysico-Chimique,UMR7141CNRS-UPMC,Paris,France Abstract A major challenge in biology is to identify molecular polymorphisms responsible for variation in complex traits of evolutionary and agricultural interest. Using the advantages of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species, we sought to identify new genes and genetic mechanisms underlying natural variation for shoot growth using quantitative genetic strategies.Morequantitativetraitloci(QTL)stillneedberesolvedtodrawageneralpictureastohowandwhereinthe pathways adaptation is shaping natural variation and the type of molecular variation involved. Phenotypic variation for shootgrowthintheBur-06Col-0recombinantinbredlinesetwasdecomposedintoseveralQTLs.Nearly-isogeniclines generatedfromtheresidualheterozygositysegregatingamonglinesrevealedanevenmorecomplexpicture,withmajor variationcontrolledbyoppositelinkedlociandmaskedbythesegregationbiasduetothedefectivephenotypeofSG3 (Shoot Growth-3), as well as epistasis with SG3i (SG3-interactor). Using principally a fine-mapping strategy, we have identifiedtheunderlyinggenecausingphenotypicvariationatSG3:At4g30720codesforanewchloroplast-locatedprotein essential to ensure a correct electron flow through the photosynthetic chain and, hence, photosynthesis efficiency and normalgrowth.TheSG3/SG3iinteractionistheresultofastructuralpolymorphismoriginatingfromtheduplicationofthe gene followed by divergent paralogue’s loss between parental accessions. Species-wide, our results illustrate the very dynamic rate of duplication/transposition, even over short periods of time, resulting in several divergent—but still functional—combinationsofallelesfixedindifferentbackgrounds.InpredominantlyselfingspecieslikeArabidopsis,this variation remains hidden in wild populations but