Learning Not Just the Facts, Maam, but the Counterfactuals as Well 英文参考文献.docVIP

Primer Learning:NotJusttheFacts,Ma’am,butthe CounterfactualsasWell MichaelL.Platt*,BenHayden DepartmentofNeurobiology,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica Our brains allow us to consider rewards and other scenarios that could have happened but did not. Such counterfactual outcomescaninfluenceourchoicesandhastenlearning.Aseries of recent studies has begun to untangle the neural circuitry responsible for monitoring counterfactual outcomes. Here, we summarizeseveralrecentcomplementarydiscoveries,includinga newarticleinthecurrentissueofPLoSBiology.Neuronsinsever