Mating with Stressed Males Increases the Fitness of Ant Queens 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Mating with Stressed Males Increases the Fitness of Ant Queens 英文参考文献.doc

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Mating with Stressed Males Increases the Fitness of Ant Queens 英文参考文献

MatingwithStressedMalesIncreasestheFitnessofAnt Queens AlexandraSchrempf*,Ju¨rgenHeinze BiologieI,Universita¨t Regensburg,Regensburg,Germany Abstract Background: According tosexualconflicttheory,males canincrease theirownfitness bytransferring substances during copulationthatincreasetheshort-termfecundityoftheirmatingpartnersatthecostofthefuturelifeexpectancyandre- matingcapabilityofthelatter.Incontrast,sexualcooperationisexpectedinsocialinsects.Matingindeedpositivelyaffects lifespanandfecundityofyoungqueensofthemale-polymorphicantCardiocondylaobscurior,eventhoughmalesneither providenuptialgiftsnoranyothercarebutleavetheirmatesimmediatelyaftercopulationanddieshortlythereafter. PrincipalFindings:Here,weshowthatmatingwithwingeddispersermaleshasasignificantlystrongerimpactonlifespan andreproductivesuccessofyoungqueensofC.obscuriorthanmatingwithwinglessfightermales. Conclusions: Winged males are reared mostly under stressful environmental conditions, which force young queens to disperseandfoundtheirownsocietiesindependently.Incontrast,queensthatmatewithwinglessmalesunderfavourable conditions usually start reproducing in the safety of the established maternal nest. Our study suggests that males of C. obscuriorhaveevolvedmechanismstoposthumouslyassistyoungqueensduringcolonyfoundingunderadverseecological conditions. Citation:SchrempfA,HeinzeJ(2008)MatingwithStressedMalesIncreasestheFitnessofAntQueens.PLoSONE3(7):e2592.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002592 Editor:AndyGardner,UniversityofEdinburgh,UnitedKingdom ReceivedMarch4,2008;AcceptedJune5,2008;PublishedJuly2,2008 Copyright:?2008Schrempf,Heinze.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:WethanktheGermanScienceFoundation(DFG)forfinancialsupport(SCHR1135-1-1). CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:alexandra.schre