Matrilineal Fertility Inheritance Detected in Hunter–Gatherer Populations Using the Imbalance of Gene Genealogies 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Matrilineal Fertility Inheritance Detected in Hunter–Gatherer Populations Using the Imbalance of Gene Genealogies 英文参考文献.doc

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Matrilineal Fertility Inheritance Detected in Hunter–Gatherer Populations Using the Imbalance of Gene Genealogies 英文参考文献

MatrilinealFertilityInheritanceDetected inHunter–GathererPopulationsUsing theImbalanceofGeneGenealogies Michael G.B.Blum1,2,3*,Evelyne Heyer4,Olivier Franc?ois1,Fre′deric Austerlitz2 1LaboratoireTIMC-TIMB,Faculte′ deMe′decine, Grenoble,France,2LaboratoireEcologie,Syste′matique,etEvolution,Universite′ Paris-Sud,Orsay,France,3Departmentof HumanGenetics,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4Laboratoired’AnthropologieBiologique,Muse′edel’Homme,Paris,France Fertilityinheritance,aphenomenoninwhichanindividual’snumberofoffspringispositivelycorrelatedwithhisorher number of siblings, is a cultural process that can have a strong impact on genetic diversity. Until now, fertility inheritancehasbeendetectedprimarilyusinggenealogicaldatabases.Inthisstudy,wedevelopanewmethodtoinfer fertilityinheritancefromgeneticdatainhumanpopulations.Themethodisbasedonthereconstructionofthegene genealogyofasampleofsequencesfromagivenpopulationandonthecomputationofthedegreeofimbalancein thisgenealogy.Weshowindeedthatthislevelofimbalanceincreaseswiththeleveloffertilityinheritance,andthat otherphenomenasuchashiddenpopulationstructureareunlikelytogenerateasignalofimbalanceinthegenealogy that would be confounded with fertility inheritance. By applying our method to mtDNA samples from 37 human populations, we show that matrilineal fertility inheritance is more frequent in hunter–gatherer populations than in food-producerpopulations.Onepossibleexplanationforthisresultisthatinhunter–gathererpopulations,individuals belonging to large kin networks may benefit from stronger social support and may be more likely to have a large numberofoffspring. Citation: Blum MGB, Heyer E, Franc?ois O, Austerlitz F (2006) Matrilineal fertility inheritance detected in hunter–gatherer populations using the imbalance of gene genealogies.PLoSGenet2(8):e122.DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020122 the number of carriers of this allele since the time of its appearance.Whentheestimatedgrowthrateofthenumbe