Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life 英文参考文献.doc

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Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life 英文参考文献

MesoscaleEddiesAreOasesforHigherTrophicMarine Life OlavR.God?1*,AnnetteSamuelsen2,GavinJ.Macaulay1,RubenPatel1,SolfridS?treHj?llo1 ,John Horne3,SteinKaartvedt4,5,JohnnyA.Johannessen2,6 1Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway, 2Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Bergen, Norway, 3School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, UniversityofWashington,Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofOslo,Oslo,Norway,5KingAbdullahUniversityofScience andTechnology,Thuwal,SaudiArabia,6GeophysicalInstitute,UniversityofBergen,Bergen,Norway Abstract Mesoscaleeddiesstimulatebiologicalproductionintheocean,butknowledgeofenergytransferstohighertrophiclevels within eddies remains fragmented and not quantified. Increasing the knowledge base is constrained by the inability of traditional sampling methods to adequately sample biological processes at the spatio-temporal scales at which they occur.By combining satellite and acoustic observations over spatial scales of 10s of km horizontally and 100s of m vertically,supportedbyhydrographicalandbiologicalsamplingweshowthatanticycloniceddiesshapedistributionand densityofmarinelifefromthesurfacetobathyaldepths.Fishfeedalongdensitystructuresofeddies,demonstratingthat eddies catalyze energy transfer across trophic levels. Eddies create attractive pelagic habitats, analogous to oases in the desert, for higher trophic level aquatic organisms through enhanced 3-D motion that accumulates and redistributes biomass, contributing to overall bioproduction in the ocean.Integrating multidisciplinary observation methodologies promoted a new understanding of biophysical interaction in mesoscale eddies. Our findings emphasize the impact of eddiesonthepatchinessofbiomassintheseaanddemonstratethattheyproviderichfeedinghabitatforhighertrophic marinelife. Citation:God?OR,SamuelsenA,MacaulayGJ,PatelR,Hj?lloSS,etal.(2012)MesoscaleEddiesAreOasesforHigherTrophicMarineLife.PLoSONE7(1):e30161. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030161