Multiple Motor Learning Strategies in Visuomotor Rotation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Multiple Motor Learning Strategies in Visuomotor Rotation 英文参考文献.doc

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Multiple Motor Learning Strategies in Visuomotor Rotation 英文参考文献

MultipleMotorLearningStrategiesinVisuomotor Rotation NaokiSaijo1*,HiroakiGomi1,2 1NTTCommunicationScienceLaboratories,NipponTelegraphandTelephoneCorporation,Atsugi,Kanagawa,Japan,2ERATOShimojoImplicitBrainFunctionProject, JapanScienceandTechnologyAgency,Atsugi,Kanagawa,Japan Abstract Background:Whenexposedtoacontinuousdirectionaldiscrepancybetweenmovementsofavisiblehandcursorandthe actualhand(visuomotor rotation), subjectsadapttheir reachingmovementssothatthecursor isbroughttothetarget. Abrupt removal of the discrepancy after training induces reaching error in the direction opposite to the original discrepancy,whichiscalledanaftereffect.Previousstudieshaveshownthattrainingwithgraduallyincreasingvisuomotor rotation results in a larger aftereffect than with a suddenly increasing one. Although the aftereffect difference implies a difference in the learning process, it is still unclear whether the learned visuomotor transformations are qualitatively differentbetweenthetrainingconditions. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Weexaminedthequalitativechangesinthevisuomotortransformationafterthelearning ofthesuddenandgradualvisuomotorrotations.Thelearningofthesuddenrotationledtoasignificantincreaseofthe reactiontimeforarmmovementinitiationandthenthereachingerrordecreased,indicatingthatthelearningisassociated withanincreaseofcomputationalloadinmotorpreparation(planning).Incontrast,thelearningofthegradualrotationdid not change the reaction time but resulted in an increase of the gain of feedback control, suggesting that the online adjustment of the reaching contributes to the learning of the gradual rotation. When the online cursor feedback was eliminatedduringthelearningofthegradualrotation,thereactiontimeincreased,indicatingthatadditionalcomputations areinvolvedinthelearningofthegradualrotation. Conclusions/Significance:Theresultssuggestthatthechangeinthemotorplanningandonlinefeedbackadjustmentof the movement are involved in the learning of the visuomotor rotation. The contr