Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries in Latin America and the Caribbean Time for Action 英文参考文献.docVIP

sasyE Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries in Latin America and the Caribbean: Time for Action Pablo Perel , Juan P. Casas , Zulma Ortiz, J. Jaime Miranda ?* ? T he great burden that noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries have on low- income and middle-income countries is well recognized [1,2]. Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries as a group of middle-income countries are no exception to this neglected epidemic. In this Essay, we review the impact on public health of NCDs and injuries in LAC countries, as well as describe the regional particularities behind this epidemic. We discuss the reasons why LAC countries are in a privileged position to quickly translate investment in health research into practice. Finally, we describe possible research needs and the implications of this research for clinical practice and health policy in the region. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030344.g001 Figure 1. Distribution of Total Deaths (3,537,000) by Major Causes in LAC Countries in 2000, Estimated by the Global Burden of Disease Study emdi ipoElogical Countries Pro?le of LAC The Latin American and Caribbean countries included are Anguilla, Antigua and Bermuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, US Virgin Islands, and Venezuela. LAC countries, with a combined population of about 533 million people, have been experiencing in the last decades a rapid, complex epidemiological transition. By 1990, NCDs and injuries had already The Epidemic of NCDs