Olfactory Interference during Inhibitory Backward Pairing in Honey Bees 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Olfactory Interference during Inhibitory Backward Pairing in Honey Bees 英文参考文献.doc

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Olfactory Interference during Inhibitory Backward Pairing in Honey Bees 英文参考文献

OlfactoryInterferenceduringInhibitoryBackward PairinginHoneyBees MatthieuDacher*,BrianH.Smith SchoolofLifeSciences,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Restrainedworkerhoneybeesareavaluablemodelforstudyingthebehavioralandneuralbasesofolfactory plasticity.Theproboscisextensionresponse(PER;theproboscisisthemouthpartofhoneybees)isreleasedinresponseto sucrosestimulation.Ifsucrosestimulationisprecededoneorafewtimesbyanodor(forwardpairing),thebeewillforma memory for this association, and subsequent presentations of the odor alone are sufficient to elicit the PER. However, backwardpairingbetweenthetwostimuli(sucrose,thenodor)hasnotbeenstudiedtoanygreatextentinbees,although thevertebrateliteratureindicatesthatitelicitsaformofinhibitoryplasticity. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Ifhungrybeesarefedwithsucrose,theywillreleasealonglastingPER;however,thisPER canbeinterruptedifanodorispresented15seconds(butnot7or30seconds)afterthesucrose(backwardpairing).We refertothispreviouslyunreportedprocessasolfactoryinterference.Beesreceivingthis15secondbackwardpairingshow reduced performance after a subsequent single forward pairing (excitatory conditioning) trial. Analysis of the results supported a relationship between olfactory interference and a form of backward pairing-induced inhibitory learning/ memory.Injectingthedrugcimetidineintothedeutocerebrumimpairedolfactoryinterference. Conclusions/Significance: Olfactory interference depends on the associative link between odor and PER, rather than betweenodorandsucrose.Furthermore,pairinganodorwithsucrosecanleadeithertoassociationofthisodortoPERorto theinhibitionofPERbythisodor.Olfactoryinterferencemayprovideinsightintoprocessesthatgatehowexcitatoryand inhibitorymemoriesforodor-PERassociationsareformed. Citation: Dacher M, Smith BH (2008) Olfactory Interference during Inhibitory Backward Pairing in Honey Bees. PLoS ONE 3(10): e3513. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0003513 Editor:Bjo¨rnBrembs,FreieUnivers